Body Language
Life Stages
FAS scoring
Grimace Scales
Learning Theory
100

What does a “distance-increasing” canine signal, such as growling or a stiff posture, typically indicate?

The animal wants more space or feels threatened.

100

During what age range is a puppy’s critical socialization period?

3–14 weeks of age.

100

What does FAS stand for in veterinary behavior assessment?

Fear, Anxiety, and Stress.

100

What is the purpose of a grimace scale in veterinary practice?

To assess pain based on changes in facial expression 

100

What are the two main types of conditioning described in learning theory?

Classical (Pavlovian) and Operant conditioning.

200

What are examples of canine calming signals used to diffuse tension?

Yawning, lip licking, head turning.

200

At what age range is a kitten’s critical socialization period?

2-7 weeks of age

200

What FAS score describes a relaxed patient with soft eyes who accepts food?

Score 0 – Relaxed.

200

Which facial features are commonly evaluated on feline grimace scales?

Ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, and whisker orientation.

200

Define positive reinforcement in operant conditioning.

Adding something desirable to increase a behavior.

300

In cats, what does a “bottle-brush” tail represent?

High arousal or extreme fear/aggression.

300

What happens if an animal is not properly socialized during its critical period?

It may develop fear or anxiety toward new people, animals, or environments later in life.

300

What behavioral cues are seen at FAS level 3 (Moderate)?

Avoiding gaze, intermittent refusal of treats.

300

Why is behavior observation essential when scoring pain in animals?

Animals mask pain; subtle changes in posture or expression often indicate discomfort.

300

Define negative punishment in operant conditioning.

Removing a desired item to decrease a behavior.

400

What does a right-sided tail wag in dogs usually suggest about the animal’s emotional state?

Positive or friendly emotions.

400

What behavioral benefits come from juvenile play in puppies and kittens?

Teaches bite inhibition, social skills, and appropriate interactions.

400

At what FAS level does a patient begin to growl, lunge, or show red-zone behavior?

FAS 4 – High (Red 1).

400

How can an elevated FAS score influence the accuracy of pain scoring?

Stress or fear can mimic pain behaviors, leading to false readings.

400

What principle does LIMA stand for and promote?

Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive – using humane, evidence-based, and emotionally considerate training methods.

500

explain the purpose of affiliative behavior like rubbing and allogrooming

strengthens social bonds and communicates familiarity.

500

How can veterinary technicians support healthy behavior development during early life stages?

Encourage positive exposure, gentle handling, and client education through puppy/kitten classes and preventive behavior programs.

500

Why is early recognition of FAS important in veterinary settings?

It prevents injury, reduces patient stress, and avoids diagnostic artifacts caused by fear responses.

500

What’s the technician’s responsibility when interpreting grimace or pain scales?

Combine behavioral cues with medical assessment and report findings objectively for appropriate analgesia or handling changes.

500

What is learned helplessness, and how does it occur?

A state where an animal stops responding after repeated aversive experiences because it perceives no control over outcomes.