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What is Learning
Behavioral Theories
Principles of Learning
Schedules of Reinforcement
SocialLearning Theory
100
A change in an individual that results from experience
What is learning?
100
Russian scientist (late 1800's - early 1900's) that pioneered the study of classical conditioning
Who is Ian Pavlov?
100
Rule stating that enjoyable activities can be used to reinforce participation in less enjoyable activities
What is the Premack Principle
100
The weakening and eventual elimination of a learning behavior as reinforcement is withdrawn
What is extinction?
100
Attentional Phase, Retention Phase, Reproduction Phase, and Motivational Phase
What are the four phases of Bandura's analysis of obervational learning?
200
Explanations of learning that emphasize observable changes in behavior.
What are behavioral learning theories?
200
Scientist that proposed reflexive behaviors only account for a small portion of behaviors, studied operant conditioning.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
200
Pleasant or unpleasant conditions that follow behaviors and affect the frequency of future behaviors.
What are consequences?
200
Reinforcement schedule in which desired behavior is rewarded following a constant amount of time.
What is a fixed-interval schedule?
200
Learning theory that emphasizes not only reinforcement but also the effects of cues on thought, and of thought on action
What is social learning theory?
300
Explanations of learning that focus on mental processes
What are cognitive learning theories?
300
The process of repeatedly associating a previously neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus in order to evoke a conditioned response.
What is classical conditioning?
300
Withdrawl of a pleasant consequence that is reinforcing a behavior, designed to decrease the chances that the behavior will recur.
What is removal punishment?
300
Reinforcement schedule in which desired behavior is rewarded following an unpredicable number of behaviors, creates a high, steady response rate during reinforcement and a high response rate during extinction, then drops off
What is a variable-ratio schedule?
300
Learning based on observation of the consequences of others' behavior
What is vicarious learning?
400
Changes caused by development and characteristics present at birth
What are some changes that are not consitered 'learning?'
400
The use of pleasant or unpleasant consequences to control the occurance of behavior.
What is operant conditioning?
400
The teaching of a new skill or behavior by means of reinforcement for small steps toward the desired goal.
What is shaping?
400
The increase in levels of a behavior in the early stages of extenction.
What is an extinction burst?
400
Rewarding or punishing one's own behaviors based on their own observations and standards.
What is self regulation?
500
How to help students learn particular information, skills, and concepts that will be helpful in adult life.
What is the problem educators face with regard to learning?
500
A behavior that is prompted automatically by a stimulus
What is an unconditioned response?
500
Consequences that follow behaviors closely in time affect behavior far more than delayed concequences do.
What is an important principal regarding the timing of concequences?
500
The frequency and predictability of reinforcement
What is a schedule of reinforcement?
500
1. An adult model performs a task while talking to self out-loud 2. The child performs the task under the direction of the model's instruction 3. The child performs the task while instructing self aloud 4. The child whispers the instructions to self as he/she performs the task 5. The child performs the task while guiding his/her performance via private speech
What are Meichenbaum's steps in self-instruction?