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Behavior Theorists
Essential Concepts
Techniques of Behavior Theory
Key Terms
Potpourri
100
This Russian physiologist was the first to describe classical conditioning in his famous experiment in which dogs began to salivate at the sound of a bell after the bell had been paired with food
Who is Ivan Pavlov
100
This style of behavior therapy refers to the client doing more than just talking, for example doing homework and other tasks when the counselor is not present
What is active style
100
Putting a person with a fear of spiders in a room full of harmless spiders is an example of this technique
What is flooding
100
This is any event that strengthens or increases the behavior it follows. It can be both positive or negative.
What is reinforcement
100
This technique, used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders including PTSD, works by exposing the client to painful memories with the goal of reintegrating their repressed emotions with their current awareness.
What is flooding
200
This behaviorist was the first to coin the term operant conditioning in his studies of the external, observable causes of human behavior
Who is B.F. Skinner
200
The results of behavioral therapy are observable, testable and measurable. They can be reported in numbers in numbers and analyzed statistically. BT takes this approach
What is a scientific approach
200
Having a client smoke cigarettes as fast as possible until they feel sick is an example of this counterconditioning technique
What is aversion therapy
200
This is the presentation of an adverse event or outcome that decreases the behavior it follows
What is punishment
200
This is when the client organizes anxiety-causing events in order of how anxiety-producing they are from least to most.
What is anxiety hierarchy or hierarchy of fears
300
Considered the father of behaviorism, this theorist carried out the controversial "Little Albert" experiment
Who is John B. Watson
300
This theory developed by Albert Bandura emphasizes that in order to learn something it helps if you are paying attention, able to remember it, believe you are capable of learning it, and you have a reason to believe you will benefit from learning it.
What is social learning theory
300
Using reinforcing symbols, such as poker chips or points, that are earned or lost according to clearly defined behaviors is an example of this
What is a token economy
300
Applying reinforcement or punishment after a behavior in order to weaken or strengthen voluntary behaviors is an example of this
What is operant conditioning
300
This is a person's certainty of having the capability to organize their behavior and perform accurately and is very important to the success of their self-management.
What is self-efficacy
400
This psychologist known for his work in Social Learning Theory, conducted the "Bobo Doll" experiment.
Who is Albert Bandura
400
This cannot coexist with relaxation or assertiveness, and according to Joseph Wolpe, it is the nervous system's response to threat, based on classical conditioning.
What is anxiety
400
This technique helps the client learn social skills they need in order to express themselves appropriately, that is neither aggressively or submissively
What is assertiveness training
400
When a parent or caregiver never responds to a temper tantrum with sustained attention or with giving in to a demand, the tantrums will stop. Of course the child will throw more tantrums at first because he/she is still wanting that reinforcement. This occurs when there is a continuous lack of response to that child.
What is response burst
400
This is a behavioral technique where a person is gradually exposed to an anxiety causing object, event or place, while simultaneously being engaged in some type of relaxation in order to reduce the symptoms of anxiety.
What is systematic desensitization
500
This American psychologist developed two laws of learning, the law of exercise and the law of effect
Who is Edward Thorndike
500
Behaviorists view this differently from many other theorists. According to behaviorists, this can change over the course of one's life because we learn from different experiences. Behavior explains this aspect of the individual, and not the other way around.
What is personality
500
In this behavioral technique, based on Bandura's Learning theory, the client learns by imitation alone, no specific verbal directions are given
What is modeling
500
This process occurs when a response to a stimulus disappears, for example, when Pavlov's dogs stopped salivating after the bell kept ringing with no presentation of food.
What is extinction
500
The gradual training to perform a specific response by reinforcing any responses that come close to the ideal
What is successive approximation