Key Figures
He is known as the father of behaviorism and studied how behaviors are learned.
Who is John B. Watson?
This theory says all behavior is learned from the environment.
What is behaviorism?
In Pavlov's experiment, the sound of this became a conditioned stimulus for the dogs.
What is the bell?
This type of learning is based on rewards and punishments.
What is operant conditioning?
In the classroom, rewarding a student for good behavior is an example of this.
What is positive reinforcement?
This psychologist is known for studying operant conditioning and created the "Skinner box."
Who is B.F. Skinner?
This type of learning happens when you connect a neutral stimulus (like a bell) with an automatic response (like salivating).
What is classical conditioning?
This term describes when a neutral stimulus begins to cause the same response as an unconditioned stimulus.
What is acquisition?
Giving something like candy to encourage a behavior is called this.
What is positive reinforcement?
Behaviorists believe that all learning comes from this.
What is experience or environment?
This Russian scientist experimented with dogs and is known for his work on classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
In this type of learning, behavior is strengthened by rewards or weakened by punishments.
What is operant conditioning?
This happens when the conditioned response disappears because the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus.
What is extinction?
This involves taking away something unpleasant (like a timeout) to encourage a behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
Giving students a sticker for completing their homework is an example of this.
What is token reinforcement?
This behaviorist focused on rewards and punishments to shape behavior.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
Giving a reward to encourage a behavior is known as this.
What is positive reinforcement?
This is when a conditioned response suddenly comes back after it has been extinguished.
What is spontaneous recovery?
A reward is given every time a certain behavior happens. This is called a _______ schedule.
What is reinforcement?
Taking away a privilege, like recess, when a student misbehaves is called this.
What is negative punishment?
This psychologist is famous for his social learning theory, which connects behaviorism with how people learn by watching others.
Who is Albert Bandura?
Taking away something unpleasant to encourage a behavior is called this.
What is negative punishment?
When a response to one stimulus also happens with similar stimuli, it's called this.
What is stimulus generalization?
This reinforcement schedule gives rewards after an unpredictable number of responses or time.
What is a variable ratio schedule?
Ignoring a student's disruptive behavior in class until it stops is an example of this technique.
What is extinction?