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Attachment
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Hierarchy of Needs
Random
100
Describe Harry Harlow's findings What was his experiment and what did he find?
He found that comfort and love were important. Contact comfort is important in development of affection. Love is vital for normal childhood development. Long-term devastation caused by deprivation --> profound psychological and emotional distress and death Help influence changes in orphanages and adoption agencies care for children
100
What is classical conditioning? how does it work?
Classical Conditioning is when a neutral stimulus through conditioning begins to elicit the unconditioned response An unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus and through conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus, eliciting the conditioned response.
100
What idea did B.F. Skinner popularize?
behaviors and actions result of the consequences. Operant Conditioning
100
What is Self-Actualization?
Final stage of psychological development actualization of full potential growth self discovery, self realization, self exploration Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, objectivity,
100
Explain how P/N R/P work - what they entail - why they are positive/negative or reinforcement/punishment
Positive - something being added - aversive or appetitive Negative - something is being removed - aversive or appetitive Reinforcement - meant to increase a behavior Punishment - meant to decrease a behavior
200
Describe how a securely attached baby would respond to their mother leaving the room and then returning.
upset when mother leaves, happy when their mother returns. Will turn to their parents when frightened. will accept contact initiated by their parents prefer parents to strangers
200
How did Watson apply this? How did he think Phobias were developed? explain the process
Watson applied this theory of classical conditioning to emotional as well as physical responses Phobias are a result of classical conditioning a loud noise is paired with a neutral stimuls (rat) and through conditioning the baby begins to fear the rat
200
Give an example of Positive Reinforcement
Ellie gets a cookie for doing well on her test
200
How does someone reach actualization?
by fulfilling all the other needs. This is the last stage once the needs at the other level have been fulfilled.
200
classical or operant conditioning The door to your house squeaks loudly when you open it. Soon, your dog begins wagging its tail when the door squeaks. label the parts
Classical Conditioning outside (US) --> wag tail (UR) door squeak (CS) --> wag tail (CR)
300
Describe how an anxiously-ambivalently attached baby would respond to their mother leaving and then returning
suspicious of strangers distressed when separated from parent but not reassured when the parent returns may openly display direct aggression toward the parent
300
You really like this perfume, you think it’s sexy. Someone in one of your classes wears this perfume, you find them attractive. Label the different parts
Perfume (US) --> think sexy (UR) person (CS) --> attracted (CR)
300
Give an example of Negative Reinforcement
When Jenny buckles her seatbelt the annoying dinging noise her car makes goes away. She starts to buckle her seatbelt before turning the car on to avoid the dinging.
300
What needs does Maslow think need to be met for someone to create and maintain lasting friendships
Physiological/Biological needs food, water, air, sleep Safety Needs house, stable, safe,
300
Why does habituation occur?
When a stimulus occurs without any effect so the organism learns to ignore or get used to the stimulus.
400
Describe how an avoidantly attached baby would respond to their mother leaving and then returning.
avoid parents and caregivers pronounced after period of absence dont seek out comfort or contact from parent show no preference between parent and stranger
400
Is it Classical or Operant Conditioning? A child learning to clean his or her room, because he or she knows they will get time to watch TV after. label the parts/explain why
Operant Conditioning Positive Reinforcement the application of an appetitive stimulus (TV) is added to increase (reinforce) the behavior of cleaning the room
400
Give an example of Positive Punishment
Charlie smacks his sister Alex when she pokes him. It works and she stops poking him
400
How would Bandura say a child learned to wave?
She observed someone wave and imitated them.
400
Operant or Classical Conditioning You see a police car as you are approaching a stop sign. You stop and don’t get a ticket.
Operant Conditioning Negative Reinforcement Removing the possibility of an aversive stimulus
500
What are possible reasons why a baby would be securely/anxiously/ or avoidantly attached
secure - mother is attentive to babies needs anxous-ambivalent - mother tends to needs on her timetable, not consistent avoidant - mother emotionally detached or unavailable, impersonal, disengaged
500
Why does extinction occur?
Extinction occurs when the reinforcement or unconditioned stimulus stops occurring and the behavior/response stops.
500
Give an example of Negative Punishment
Marta took away Allie's tv privileges because Allie didn't do her chores
500
What is learned helplessness? give an example of it how this develops
LH - when an organism learns that they are powerless, that nothing they do has any effect and cannot remove, stop or avoid aversive stimulus.
500
Operant or Classical Conditioning Elaine tells a joke and everyone laughs
Positive Reinforcement adding an appetitive stimulus (laughing) meant to increase the behavior (joke telling)