Thinking automatically
The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs or hypotheses while disregarding evidence that contradicts them, leading to skewed interpretations
Confirmation bias
Societal expectations and beliefs about how individuals should behave, look, and interact based on their assigned gender
Gender norms
A belief that abilities, intelligence, and talents are innate and unchangeable. People with a fixed mindset think they are either "good" or "bad" at something and cannot improve significantly, no matter how much effort they put in.
Fixed mindset
A cognitive bias in which individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of information they encounter (the "anchor") when making decisions, affecting their subsequent judgments.
Anchoring effect
A situation where individuals or groups rely on each other to achieve goals, outcomes, or benefits, with their actions mutually influencing each other.
Social Interdependence
Deeply ingrained beliefs, assumptions, and thought patterns that people use to understand the world and make decisions.
Mental models
A cognitive bias where individuals’ choices are influenced by the way information is presented, such as emphasizing potential gains versus losses.
Framing effect
Individuals whose behaviors, attitudes, or achievements are admired and emulated by others, often serving as examples of how to act or succeed in a specific context.
Role models
An individual’s subjective inclination or tendency to favor one option, choice, or activity over others, typically influenced by personal tastes, experiences, emotions, and values.
Personal preference
The total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory, which can affect a person's ability to process information and make decisions effectively.
Cognitive load
Misperceptions regarding one's community beliefs.
Pluralistic Ignorance
The fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one's social group, which can lead to stress and reduced performance.
Stereotype Threat
A cognitive bias where individuals place greater value on immediate rewards compared to future rewards, impacting long-term decision-making.
Temporal discounting
Widely held beliefs about how others in our social groups behave and ought to behave.
Social norms
A belief that abilities, intelligence, and talents can be developed and improved through effort, learning, and perseverance. People with a growth mindset see challenges as opportunities to grow, embrace feedback, and view failure as a part of the learning process rather than a reflection of their inherent abilities.
Growth mindset