Show:
Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
IPSS
DRE Testing
PSA Testing
100

This gender and age group are at significant risk of BPH.

BONUS 100 if you know the percentage for over 85.

Males over the age of 50. 

Bonus: 90% of men will have histological evidence of BPH at 85 years old. 

100
Following physician examination, the prostate can often be described as ______ if the patient has BPH.

Enlarged, firm, smooth

100

This questionnaire is used to quantify the severity of what kind of symptoms?

LUTS or Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

100

What does DRE stand for?

Digital rectal examination

100

Is PSA testing commonly used for BPH?

NO! More frequently when there is suspicion of cancer. 

200

These two common medical diagnoses increase the risk of BPH in males. 

Hypertension 

Diabetes Mellitus

200

The clinical presentation is due to growth most commonly in this zone of the prostate.

Transitional zone

200

What is the range of scores that is considered "moderate" symptoms?

8-19

200

Another name for DRE is a ____ examination.

Transrectal examination

200

What does PSA stand for?

Prostate-specific antigen ~ blood test! 
300

The pathogenesis of BPH is linked to this SPECIFIC hormone. 

DHT ~ dihydrotestosterone

300

What was Mr. Regan's initial presentation of BPH?

Trouble getting his stream to start and it had less force. 

300

An increase of ___ points in score is considered an increase in risk for BPH, while a decrease of ___ points in score is considered meaningful improvement. 

4 point increase

3 point decrease

300

DRE is recommended to assess these main-three descriptors for the prostate.

Size

Consistency

Presence of Nodules

300

A PSA level of over ____ can be considered a red flag for prostate cancer.

4 ng/mL

400
The main hormone in BPH pathogenesis leads to growth via promotion of _______ and inhibition of ______.

Promotion of cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. 

400
BPH and Prostate Cancer present differently. Some of the clinical presentation variations include....
Cancer ~ nodular/asymmetric, PSA elevated, begins in the peripheral zone of prostate, fatigue/weight loss can be signs
400

IPSS is the most commonly used questionnaire for BPH, but what does IPSS stand for?

International Prostate Symptom Score

400

Though the DRE is commonly used, it is considered to have limited accuracy in examining _____.

SIZE of the prostate

400

The risk for cancer is considered increased if the PSA changes over ____ ng/mL per year.

0.75 ng/mL

500

Chronic inflammation leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. These two interleukins specifically have been found to be linked to BPH.

IL-8 and IL-17

500

BPH can be described using either of these two classifications. 

(Hint: 1st classification considers urinary hesitancy, weak stream, straining, etc.

2nd classification considers frequency, urgency, nocturia, etc.) 

Obstructive

Irritative

500
The IPSS asks questions on specific domains for symptom scoring. Name 4 of the 7.

Incomplete Emptying

Frequency

Intermittency

Urgency

Weak stream

Straining

Nocturia

500

DRE is considered a (screening/diagnostic) test for BPH.

SORT OF BOTH! 

Diagnostic exam is administered if suspicion of BPH. 

Screening exam when done routinely for men over 50. 

500

PSA is considered a (screening/diagnostic) test for BPH.

TRICK QUESTION! It is not used for BPH specifically, more commonly cancer SCREENING.