Principles of ABA
Increases behavior by adding something
Positive Reinforcement
The target behavior occurs outside the training area
Generalization
Behavior is maintained by access to preferred items, food, or activities
Tangible Function
Total lack in eye contact
Deficits in Nonverbal Communicative behaviors
Tangible and intangible objects or actions that are used to increase the occurrence of a certain behavior
Reinforcer
Reward that is inherently reinforcing without any teaching
Continuing to prompt and reinforce the child through all of their daily activities are essential
Caregiver training
A behavior that is maintained by automatic or self stimulatory reinforcement
Automatic Function
Lining up toys, flipping objects, and echolalia
Stereotyped or Repetitive behavior
Presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited making the behavior less likely to happen again in the future
Positive punishment
A reward that was paired with other rewards in order to be reinforcing (token, money, Hi-5, hugs)
Secondary Reinforcer
Behaviors that people enjoy for the pleasure of the behavior
Intrinsic motivators (pre-mack principle)
Help to discover the reasons behind a behavior, so you can then decide on a plan for how to change it
Functional behavior assessment (FBA)
Difficulties in sharing imaginative play or making friends and absence of interest in peers
Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
When a certain desired stimulus/item is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future
Negative punishment
Counting the total number of something (tally)
Frequency Count
Rewards given to people to motivate to engage in behavior that they might not engage in otherwise
Extrinsic motivators (pre-mack principle)
Brittany begins to bang her head when matching cards are presented.
Escape function
Extreme distress at small changes, difficulties with transitions, rigid thinking patterns, need to take same route or eat same food everyday
Insistence on sameness
A learned reinforcer that gains value through its association with a primary reinforcer
Something that encourages the student to complete a correct response
Target behavior continues to occur in relevant situations after trainings
Maintenance
Students prefer vocal language, physical touch, and eye contact to maintain their behavior
Attention function
Reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect, failure to respond to social interactions
Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
A cue that signals reinforcement is available if the subject makes a particular response
Discriminative stimulus