Rocks and Minerals
These are non-living materials that are made naturally on earth, made of a specific set of atoms arranged in a crystalline pattern. Gemstones are these
Minerals
When earthś processes break down rocks into smaller pieces, it is called __________________. This is done by wind and water
Weathering
This is an opening in the earth where Magma gas erupt. These form new land.
Volcano
Some places, plates spread apart. This allows molten lava to come to the surface and form volcanic mountain ranges (like the mountain range under the Atlantic Ocean. These are called _______________ plate boundaries.
Divergent
These rocks are formed over millions of years out of layered sediments. Example: Limestone
Sedimentary
The _________ scale of Harness lets us compare the hardness of rocks and minerals. Diamonds are a 10, which is the hardest
Mohs
After erosion, when sediments are carried somewhere else, it is called__________________.
Deposition
The smallest and most common volcanoes are called _______________ volcanoes. These have erupted and create an opening on the top of the volcano.
Cinder Volcano
When one plate moves under another in a convergent boundary, it is known as _____________________.
Subduction
Rocks that have changed because of heat and pressure are known as this type of rock. Ex: Marble
Metamorphic
These people study rocks
Geologists
When sediments are worn down and moved from one place to another, it is called ______________. This is how canyons are formed
Erosion
The outermost layer of earth is called the ________.
Crust
Between 200 and 270 million years ago, the landmasses of earth were joined in a supercontinent named ___________________.
Pangaea
These rocks are formed from cooling Magma from a volcano. Sometimes the surface is smooth and glassy.
Igneous
Observations, such as hardness, luster, transparency, and color are called _____________________.
Properties
When sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river, it is called a _________________.
Delta
The solid crust, and the upper mantle are also known as the ____________________.
Lithosphere
The earth is broken into large sections called plates. The movement of these lithospheric plates is called __________________________.
Plate Tectonics
This evidence of ancient life can be found in sedimentary rock. It may be an imprint of an ancient animal, or minerals that have replaced the original dinosaur bone.
Fossils
The shape of the land of an area is called its ____________________.
Topography
Nuclear waste is leftover ________________ material from nuclear power plants, research, and weapons.
Radio active
The second layer down is called the ____________. Magma that erupts comes from this layer. Part of this layer is solid, part is liquid rock.
Mantle
Some plates collide, and one plate rises up, while the other moves below. These are called _________________ plate boundaries.
Convergent
These are made of minerals.
Rocks