Show:
🧬 DNA & Protein Synthesis
⚡ Cellular Processes
🦠 Immunity & Disease
🐒 Evolution & Change
Mr.EAN
100

Draw a DNA monomer and label the three main parts.

Mr. EAN will show

100

Where does light dependent phase take place?

Thylakoid

100

These molecules are recognised as foreign by the immune system and can trigger a specific immune response. What is it?

Antigen

100

This process introduces completely new alleles into a population's gene pool. What is it?

Mutation
100

Where is Mr EAN from?

Cambodia

200

Name 3 process of RNA splicing. 

-Addition of Methyl G cap

-Addition of Poly A tail

-Removal of Intron and splicing of exon

200

How many ATP is produced in Glycosis and Krebs Cycle and where?

2 ATP EACH

Glycolysis- Cytosol

Krebs Cycle- Intermitochondrial Matrix

200

Name 2 Antigen Presenting Cell.

Macrophage and Dendritic Cell.

200

A bushfire drastically reduces a population, and the surviving individuals have different allele frequencies from the original population. What type of genetic drift has occurred?

Bottle Neck Effect.

200

What year was Mr. EAN born?

2001

300

How does Trp Operon Repression Mechanism work?

When tryptophan is present, it binds to the repressor protein, activating it. The repressor then binds to the operator, blocking RNA polymerase and stopping transcription of the trp genes.

Easy way to remember:
High tryptophan → repressor ON → operator blocked → genes OFF.

300
What is the last stage of Celllular Respiration? Where does it take place? and how many ATP is produced?

- Electron Transport Chain

-Cristae

-  26 or 28 ATP

300

Describe the stages of inflammation. Include the cell and chemical released in your response. 

  • Mast cells at the site of infection or tissue damage release histamine and cytokines.
  • Histamine causes nearby blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, increasing blood flow and allowing immune cells to move into the tissue.
  • Neutrophils and macrophages are attracted to the area by chemical signals and leave the bloodstream.
  • These phagocytic cells engulf and destroy pathogens by phagocytosis.
  • Complement proteins help enhance the immune response, including assisting with pathogen destruction and recruitment of immune cells.
  • The increased blood flow and fluid movement cause the common signs of inflammation: redness, heat, swelling and pain. 
300

Describe 2 features that make an organism bipedal.

-Central position foramen Magnum

-S-shaped Spinal 

-Arch Feet

-Short Broad Pelvis

300

What tother language does Mr EAN speak?

Khmer

400

Explain the protein pathway, starting from ribosome.

Nucleus → Ribosome → ER → Golgi → Vesicle → Membrane

  • Nucleus: DNA is used to make mRNA.
  • Ribosome: reads mRNA and builds the protein.
  • Rough ER: protein enters the ER and is folded/processed.
  • Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts and packages the protein.
  • Vesicle: transports the protein.
  • Cell membrane: releases the protein outside the cell.
400
What is a competitive inhibitor and how do you reduce its effect?

-A competitive inhibitor bind to the activte site and stop the substrate from binding to it, stopping reaction.

-To reduce it, we can increase substrate concentration. 

400

Give one example each of Natural Passive, Natural Active, Artificial Passive, Artifical Active Immunity.

  • Natural passive immunity: Antibodies passed from a mother to her baby through the placenta or breast milk.
  • Natural active immunity: Immunity developed after recovering from an infection, such as chickenpox.
  • Artificial passive immunity: Receiving an injection of pre-made antibodies, such as antivenom.
  • Artificial active immunity: Immunity developed after vaccination, such as the measles vaccine
400

A population of insects varies in colour. Some insects are light brown, while others are dark brown. After a bushfire, the tree trunks in their habitat become much darker. Birds can more easily see and eat the light-coloured insects.

Explain how natural selection could cause the population to become predominantly dark-coloured over many generations. (

  • There is pre-existing genetic variation in colour within the insect population.
  • The darker environment acts as a selection pressure, with light-coloured insects being more easily detected by predators.
  • Dark-coloured insects have a survival and reproductive advantage, so they are more likely to reproduce and pass their dark-colour alleles to offspring.
  • Over many generations, the frequency of alleles for dark colour increases in the population.
400

In what Year does Mr.EAN move to Australia?

2017

500

A single nucleotide substitution occurs in a gene. Explain three possible effects this mutation could have on the resulting protein.

It could:

  1. Cause a silent mutation, where the amino acid does not change.
  2. Cause a missense mutation, where a different amino acid is incorporated.
  3. Cause a nonsense mutation, creating a premature stop codon.

A missense or nonsense mutation may alter the structure and function of the protein, potentially affecting the phenotype.

500

A C3 plant experiences high temperatures and low CO₂ availability. Oxygen increasingly binds to Rubisco instead of CO₂. Name the process that increases and explain its effect on photosynthesis.

It increases when O₂ binds to Rubisco, reducing carbon fixation and therefore decreasing photosynthetic efficiency.

500

An antigen-presenting cell displays an antigen fragment on an MHC Class II marker. Explain how this can lead to activation of both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.

A complementary helper T cell recognises the antigen–MHC II complex and becomes activated. The helper T cells proliferate and release cytokines that assist activation of B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells, leading to humoral and cell-mediated responses.

500

A population of birds is separated when a new river forms through their habitat. The two groups can no longer interbreed. Over many generations, mutations, genetic drift and different environmental conditions cause the populations to become genetically different. Eventually, individuals from the two populations can no longer produce fertile offspring together.

Question:
Explain how this population could have formed two different species.

  • The river caused geographical isolation between the two populations.
  • Gene flow stopped between the populations.
  • Over time, their allele frequencies changed due to mutation, genetic drift and different selection pressures.
  • The populations became increasingly genetically divergent.
  • Eventually, reproductive isolation developed, meaning they could no longer successfully interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
  • Therefore, allopatric speciation occurred.
500

What sport does Mr. EAN play every Friday?

Volleyball.