Gas Exchange
These are the two elements that comprise most of the air we breath
What is nitrogen and oxygen?
N ≂ 80%
O ≂ 20%
This organ converts ammonia, a waste product of protein digestion found in blood, into urea for excretion
What is the liver?
These are the parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons or the environment
What are dendrites and cell body?
Name 1 of 2 reasons the skin in inhospitable to microbial growth
1) The outer surface is dry, tough, with few nutrients
2) Sweat and sebaceous glands secrete antibiotics
The 2 branches of the air conduction system that stem from the trachea
What are the bronchi
These are the 3 requirements of respiratory systems
1.What is a moist surface
2.Thin cell layers
3.And a large surface area?
The 4 main organs of the urinary system.
This is how sensory neurons work and this is how motor neurons work
What is sensory neurons are stimulated by environmental stimuli and send a signal to the brain
Motor neurons take brain signals and send a message to another cell, such as a muscle or gland, to take action
This defense kicks in when microbes get past the external defenses
The innate immune response or Nonspecific internal defenses (same thing)
This is how clonal selection works in B cells
What is when antibodies on the surface of B cells recognize an antigen it stimulates division that produces many clones of the first B cell. These cells then differentiate into plasma cells that produce tons of free floating antibodies and memory cells that can recognize the invader in the future?
This is where gas exchange occurs at the tips of the bronchioles in an grape-like cluster pouches
What are alveoli?
These are the functional units of kidneys that filter the blood and accept excretions from the blood capillaries
What are nephrons?
These are the sensory receptors of the eye and their location (tissue name)
What are photoreceptors (rods and cones) found on the retina on the back wall of the eye?
These are the 3 categories of the innate immune response
What are:
1.White blood cells (leukocytes) phagocytes & natural killer cells
2.The inflammatory response
3.Fever
These are 4 ways glia cells assist neurons
What is:
1.provide nutrients
2.regulate extracellular fluid
3.protect and repair
4.speed communication
This is the name and location of the respiratory center that regulates breathing
What is the medulla oblongata located in the brain stem (top of the spinal cord)?
This is the region of the kidney where blood plasma is filtered out of the blood
What is the renal cortex?
This is why a signal, or action potential, carried along a neuron is an electric signal
What is movement of positively charged sodium ions across the cell membrane into the neuron
These are the 2 types of leukocytes found in the adaptive immune response and how they work
What are B cells – produce antibodies on their cell surface and release them to the circulatory system. Recognize antigens as foreign
T cells with T cell receptors on cell membrane – recognize virus infected cells or cancers and destroy them
both produce memory cells
These are two ways stimulus intensity is signaled to the brain
What are frequency of action potentials from a single sensory neuron
and signals from the total number of different sensory neurons
These are the two tissues that make up the respiratory membrane where gas exchange occurs
What are epithelial cells of the alveoli and the capillaries in the lungs
This is the reason the medulla of the kidney is so salty where the nephron loop dips into it
What is to draw water out of the tubule to retain the water in the body and concentrate the urine?
This is the part of a neuron that transmits a signal to a receiving cell and how it works
What is the action potential carried along the axon reaches the axon terminal, which stimulates the release of neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors in the membrane of a receiving cell stimulating it.
This is how natural killer cells (innate response), and cytotoxic T cells (adaptive response) are similar
What is both target virus infected cells and cancer cells and inject enzymes that destroy the cells and their contents?
This is the molecule that carbon dioxide binds to when it diffuses into the blood of the capillaries from body cells
What is hemoglobin?