Terminology
What is genomic imprinting?
an epigenetic process where only one copy of a gene is expressed, while the other copy is silenced
These 4 factors turn adult cells back into embryonic-like stem cells
Yamanaka Factors (Oct4, c-Myc, Klf4, Sox2)
Bi-maternal mice grew more slowly and showcased an increase in this type of behavior.
Anxiety-like behavior.
What are the three Rs related to animal research ethics?
replacement, reduction, and refinement
What technology did Li’s group use to directly alter the imprinting regions of the genetic code?
CRISPR-Cas9
What type of cells have only one set of chromosomes and were engineered to create bi-paternal embryos?
haploid embryonic stem cells (haploid ESCs)
What is the parental conflict theory of genomic imprinting?
Paternally expressed genes tend to promote fetal growth, while maternally expressed genes limit it
How many imprinting loci were edited by Li's group?
20
What is sperm nuclear transfer?
oocyte's nucleus is replaced with the genetic material from sperm cells
What is tetraploid complementation?
pluripotency assay that tests whether injected ESCs can form the embryo properly while a tetraploid host forms extraembryonic tissue
This drug promotes X chromosome duplication in XO cells
reversine
In Hayashi’s approach, male iPSCs that lost the Y chromosome became this karyotype before X duplication
XO