Excretory System
This organ converts ammonia, a waste product of protein digestion found in the blood, into urea for excretion.
Liver
Which part of the neuron receives information from other neurons or the environment?
Dendrites & cell body
These are receptors that respond to environmental stimuli.
Sensory receptors
Name 1 of 2 reasons the skin is inhospitable to microbial growth.
The outer surface is dry, tough, with few nutrients
AND
Sweat and sebaceous glands secrete antibiotics
A regulatory chemical that is secreted into extracellular fluid and carried by the blood.
A hormone
What are the 4 main organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
This type of structure is involved in the gravitational equilibrium of crustaceans, cnidarians, and mollusks.
Statocysts
Which defense kicks in when microbes get past external defenses?
The innate immune response or nonspecific internal defenses (same thing)
This type of hormone binds to receptors on the plasma membrane, while that type of hormone crosses the cell membrane and binds to an internal receptor.
Peptide and steroid hormones
The functional units of kidneys that filter the blood and accept excretions from the blood capillaries.
Nephrons
What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system and what components make up each?
Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord, Peripheral nervous system: cranial and spinal nerves
Name the type of sensory receptors found in the eye and their location (tissue name).
Photoreceptors (rods and cones) found on the retina on the back wall of the eye
How are natural killer cells (innate response) and cytotoxic T cells (adaptive response) similar?
Both target virus infected and cancer cells and inject enzymes that destroy the cells and their contents
These two hormones impact the digestive system through regulating blood sugar.
Insulin and Glucagon
The region of the kidney where blood plasma is filtered out of the blood.
Renal cortex
How does the cell body of a neuron determine if it will send a signal (action potential)?
The cell body sums up (integrates) all of the excitatory and inhibitory signals it receives from up to hundreds of different neurons and if they surpass the threshold it will generate an actional potential.
Where are the sensory receptors that detect vibrations of different pitch located in the ear?
Cochlea
What are the 4 categories of the innate immune response?
1. White blood cells (leukocytes): phagocytes & natural killer cells
2. Inflammatory response
3. Fever
4. Protective proteins
Name the hormone (& gland that secretes it) that regulates the absorption of water in the kidneys.
Antidiuretic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
What are the 4 stages of urine production?
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, concentration
Name the part of the neuron that transmits a signal to a receiving cell and how does that work?
Action potential is carried along the axon reaches the axon terminal, which stimulates the release of neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors in the membrane of a receiving cell stimulating it.
List in order the parts of the eye light passes through (5-6 parts).
Cornea, Pupil, Iris, Lens, Vitreous humor, Retina (Optic nerve)
What are the 2 types of leukocytes that can produce memory cells. Where do each of these leukocytes mature?
B cells: bone marrow
AND
T cells: thymus
Name 5 endocrine glands.
Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Thyroid (parathyroid), Adrenal gland, Pancreas, Pinal gland, Testes/Ovaries