Defintions
Bias
Normal human tendencies to think in certain ways, often contrary to, or without considering evidence
What was the aim of Snyder & Swann’s study?
See how people try and support their ideas when gathering data
Student writing with pencil on test did well, pencil was reason for success
Illusory correlation
What is the Aim?
To investigate the influence of anchoring on thinking and decision making
Confirmation bias
People select or interpret information to confirm/support preexisting beliefs, includes tendency to interpret ambiguous information to confirm their belief
Was this study considered ethical due to misleading nature?
Yes, it is ethical
you know someone suffering from heart conditions in mid 50s, so you think most people in 50s have heart conditions
Availability
If a student had a high grade, what is expected score of essay?
The score will be higher than students with lower grades
Halo effect
False correlation of positive characteristics, Assumption that someone who has a few positive characteristics has many
Provided information about person, had to ask questions to determine if extrovert or introvert
People that are attractive have other positive characteristics
Halo effect
What was the Anchor?
The students grades
Conclusion people reach when they decide that events starting at same time are related, Sometimes stating they caused each other
Illusory correlation
how did the information provided about participants affect questions?
Participants sought information that supported their idea
Someone acts quiet, reserved, shy so they are intelligent
Implicit Personality theory
What did Caverni & Peris find in their study on anchoring?
Higher the mean of fictional grades, the higher grade given by the teachers for the essays they graded, Fictional grades were the teachers anchor points
Relate to peoples understanding about which personality characteristics they think co-occur in others
Implicit Personality theory
What did Caverni & Peris find in their study on anchoring?
Higher the mean of fictional grades, the higher grade given by the teachers for the essays they graded, Fictional grades were the teachers anchor points
John is logical, unemotional, and interested in patterns, Most think he is math professor
Representativeness
Given anchor point or adjustment, people change behavior and/or expectations of others
people’s judgement can easily be influenced by anchors and not always on purpose
If unbiased opinion wanted, to receive no/less information beforehand to prevent schemas from forming