Participant Bias
A tendency of participants to answer regular questions honestly, but distort their responses to questions on sensitive subjects.
What is sensitivity bias?
This occurs when responses to one question influence the participant's responses to the following questions.
What is question order bias?
In this sampling, it is decided prior to the start of research how many people to include in the sample and which characteristics they should have.
What is quota sampling?
The researcher starts by identifying the target population and then selects a sample that is representative of this population. The best approach to achieve this is to use random sampling.
What is sample-to-population generalization?
To correct this bias, a good rapport must be built with each participant and trust created between the participant and the researcher.
What is sensitivity bias?
Researchers can establish this with a participant by being honest and by making it clear to participants that there are no right or wrong answers.
What is a rapport?
This occurs in a group interview setting when one of the participants influences the behavior and responses of the others.
What is dominant respondent bias?
This occurs when the researcher has a prior belief and uses the research in an unintentional attempt to confirm that belief.
What is confirmation bias?
This is the most superficial approach where you use a sample that is easily available or accessible.
What is convenience sampling?
Also known as transferability. Generalization is made to a different group of people or a different setting or context.
What is case-to-case generalization?
To avoid this bias, researchers should be careful not to ask leading questions, making their questions open-ended, neutral, and focused on the opinions of the participant.
What is acquiescence bias?
Spotting ambiguous answers and returning to the topic later while at the same time rephrasing the question might help researchers to gain a deeper insight into the sensitive phenomenon deals with this type of questioning.
What is iterative?
Participants tend to respond or behave in a way that they think will make them liked or accepted.
This occurs when respondents in an interview are inclined to answer in a certain way because the question's wording encourages them to do so.
What is leading questions bias?
This is a special type of purposive sampling that stops when the point of data saturation is reached.
What is theoretical sampling?
Generalization is made from particular observations to a broader theory.
What is theoretical generalization?
To minimize this bias, general questions should be asked before specific ones, positive questions before negatives ones, and behavior questions before attitude questions.
What is question order bias?
This refers to checking accuracy of data by asking participants themselves to read transcripts of interviews or field notes of observations and confirm that the transcripts or notes are an accurate representation of what they said (meant) or did.
What are credibility checks?
This is the tendency to give positive answers whatever the question.
What is acquiescence bias?
This occurs when the sample is not adequate for the aims of the research.
What is sampling bias?
The main characteristics of participants are defined in advance and then researchers recruit participants who have these characteristics.
What is purposive sampling?
This person distinguished between three types of generalizability that provide a convenient framework for comparing quantitative and qualitative studies.
Who is Firestone?
To reduce this bias, questions should be phrased in a non-judgmental way that suggests that any answer is acceptable.
What is social desirability bias?
This refers to explaining not just the observed behavior itself, but also the context in which it occurred so that the description becomes meaningful to an outsider who never observed the phenomenon first hand.
What is "thick descriptions"?
These respondents ____ talking time or intimidate others by demonstrating their assertiveness or superior knowledge of the subject.
What is hijack?
This occurs when some findings of the study are not equally represented in the research report.
What is biased reporting?
In this approach, a small number of participants are invited and asked to invite other people they know who also are of interest for the purposes of the research.
What is snowball sampling?
In qualitative research, this type of generalization is achieved through rigorous analysis and interpretation of research findings.
What is theoretical?
Reflexivity is the solution to this bias. Researchers should be trained to recognize this bias and take it into account.
What is confirmation bias?
This refers to a combination of different approaches to collecting and interpreting data.
What is triangulation?