Big fat September HD quiz

Kidneys

100

Name two types of oral infections renal transplant pts are predisposed to? 

Candida 

HSV 

Allow delayed wound healing

200

How do you manage the increased risk of oral viral infections when treating renal transplant patients? 

Consider low dose prophylactic aciclovir 

300

Name 3 medications that a patient may be taking following a renal transplant

Any 3 from: 

Prednisolone 

Azathioprine 

MMF

Cyclosporin 

Sirolimus 

Bisphosphonates + phosphate binders to manage bone disorders? 

400

What is the AB prophylaxis regime for haemodialysis patients? 

IV vancomycin and gentamycin 

500

When is the optimal time for dental treatment for a patient on dialysis? 

Day after dialysis - heparin worn off, kidney function optimal 

Musculo-skeletal

100

Name 3 factors affecting the degree of severity of post-menopausal osteoporosis 

Genetics 

Smoking 

Nutrition 

BMI 

Degree of weight bearing activity 

Concurrent diseases and medications

200

How does periodontal disease cause rheumatoid arthritis? 

Inflamed periodontal tissues contain bacteria which produce citrullinated peptides 

300

Name 2 disadvantages of biologic DMARDs 

More Expensive 

Increased risk of infection (administered by IV but also more profound immunesuppression) 

400

Remodelling of bone following a fracture can take how long? 

Up to 2 years under functional load / forces 

500

Name 3 symptoms of compartment syndrome

Pale 

Pulseless 

Paraesthesia 

Pain 

Paralysis 

Anxiolytics + Swallowing

100

What is dysarthria? 

Slurred speech

200

Name an oral side effect of melatonin

Dry mouth 

Oral ulceration 

300

What drug is used to reverse the action of benzodiazepines? 

Flumezanil

400

What are the 5 principles of the mental capacity act 2005? 

Presumption of capacity 

Individuals supported to make their own decision

Unwise decision does not indicate lack of capacity 

Act in pts best interests 

Choose least restrictive option 

500

Name 2 strategies for dysphagia management

Physio exercises 

Compensatory strategies such as head tilts and chin tucks 

Ice chip therapy 

Electro-stimulation

Seizures + Strokes

100

Name 3 risk factors for a stroke

Hypertension 

Diabetes 

Smoking 

Obesity 

Hypercholesterolaemia 

Illicit drug use 

200

Whats the difference between a "tonic" and a "clonic" seizure 

Clonic is "Messy breakfast", sudden jerky movement 

Tonic pt usually seizes up may groan, bilateral highfrequency shaking 

300

When do NICE guidelines recommend you provide emergency medication during a seizure? 

If seizure lasting more than 5 mins 

OR 

If seizure lasting 2 mins longer than normally

400

Name the three different types of strokes 

Ischaemic 

Transient ischaemic 

Haemorrhaging 

500

What medication do you administer to terminate a seizure? 

Buccal midazolam 

OR 

Rectal diazepam 

OR 

IV lorazepam 

ENT + Opthalmology

100

What are cataracts? 

Slowly progressive clouding of the lens 

200

Name 3 things you should ask about if a patient presents with ear issues? 

Earache 

Deafness 

Discharge 

Tinnitus 

Vertigo 

300

What is otitis externa treated with? 

Gentamycin - steroid ear drops 

400

What is Hypopyon? 

Accumulation of pus in anterior compartment of the eye (White eye) 

500

Name 3 symptoms of herpes - zoster opthalmicus

Post herpetic neuralgia 

Corneal anaesthesia 

Corneal stroma infiltration 

Cranial nerve palsies