niños bilingües
What is the difference between sequential and simultaneous bilingualism?
Sequential bilingualism involves learning a second language after the first, while simultaneous bilingualism means learning two languages from an early age.
Is a bilingual the same thing as two monolinguals in one brain?
No
How does age affect language acquisition?
Age affects language acquisition with younger learners typically achieving more native-like proficiency, especially in pronunciation and grammar, compared to older learners.
What is aphasia?
Aphasia is a language disorder caused by damage to the brain, typically from stroke or injury, resulting in difficulty with language comprehension, expression, or both.
What is code switching?
Code switching is the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation.
Why are babies called citizens of the world?
They can perceive the differences between all phonemes
What is the difference between a monolingual speech mode and bilingual speech mode?
What are heritage speakers?
Heritage speakers are individuals who grow up exposed to a language spoken at home that is different from the dominant community language, often maintaining varying proficiency levels in both.
What is the difference between Broca's and Wenicke's aphasia?
Broca's aphasia is characterized by difficulty in producing speech and forming grammatically correct sentences, while Wernicke's aphasia involves impaired comprehension and the production of fluent but nonsensical speech.
What is translanguaging?
Translanguaging is the process of using multiple language varieties seamlessly and strategically within a single interaction to enhance communication and meaning-making.
How do babies use statistical learning to tell apart where words start and end?
Babies use statistical learning to discern word boundaries by recognizing patterns and frequencies of syllables in spoken language.
What is inhibition and what role does in play in bilingual language processing?
In bilingual language processing, interference occurs due to the constant activation of both languages, necessitating inhibition of the non-target language to facilitate effective communication.
What is the critical period hypothesis?
The critical period hypothesis suggests that there is a specific time window in early life during which language acquisition occurs most naturally and effectively.
What pattern of recovery is most common in Bilingual with aphasia?
parallel
What is language attrition?
Language attrition is the process of losing proficiency in a language due to lack of use or exposure, often affecting both native and second languages.
What is the mutual exclusivity strategy? Who uses it more, bilinguals or monolinguals?
The mutual exclusivity strategy, where learners assume that each object has only one label, is used more by monolinguals than bilinguals.
How does being bilingual affect one's ability to take different perspectives?
Children exposed to multiple languages may become better natural communicators, as demonstrated by a University of Chicago study finding that those in multilingual environments are more adept at interpreting speakers' meaning than monolinguals, with mere exposure to another language enhancing their ability to understand perspectives and select correct objects in communication games.
What is ultimate attainment?
Ultimate attainment refers to the highest level of proficiency that a language learner can achieve, often influenced by factors such as age of acquisition and exposure duration.
What factors may affect language deterioration in bilingual aphasia?
Age of acquisition
Language dominance
Give an example of how languages are affected by contact with each other.
Example can be of grammar, vocabulary, sounds, etc.
How do bilingual babies use visual cues differently from monolinguals?
Bilingual babies look more at the mouth (for example)
Executive function, refers to a set of cognitive skills responsible for tasks such as problem-solving, attentional control, and cognitive flexibility. Bilinguals are hypothesized to have an advantage in executive function due to the constant need to manage and switch between two languages, which may strengthen these cognitive abilities over time.
How are heritage speakers similar or different from second language learners linguistically?
In terms of heritage speakers versus second language learners, linguistic dimensions often reveal differences in proficiency and usage, with heritage speakers typically having stronger oral skills but potentially weaker formal writing and grammar skills compared to L2 learners who may receive more structured language education.
How might bilingualism protect the brain from the effects of aging?
Bilingualism may protect the brain from the effects of aging by promoting cognitive reserve, which is the brain's ability to compensate for age-related decline or pathology through efficient neural networks and cognitive strategies developed from managing two languages, potentially delaying the onset of cognitive decline or dementia.
How is lexical access different in bilinguals vs. monolinguals?
Lexical access in bilinguals involves navigating two language systems, which can lead to slower retrieval and greater competition between words from different languages, whereas monolinguals access words from a single linguistic repertoire, typically resulting in faster and more straightforward retrieval.