Basics & Bases
The branch of science that studies language.
What is linguistics?
Humans must be exposed to syntax, phoneme discrimination, and morpheme segmentation all before before age to develop the related language skills.
What is 1 year old?
What is lateralization?
The model of language comprehension that proposes parallel ventral and dorsal pathways.
What is the Dual-Stream Model?
This is the model of language production that we learned.
What is the LRM (or, "Lemma") Model?
TOPIC:
Primary Auditory Processing
Theoretically, this gradient in the auditory cortex handles the timing of frequencies.
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What is A1?
A component of language that is often associated with grammar.
What is syntax?
In early-life language acquisition, this information can be learned explicitly (most others are implicit).
What is semantics (meaning)?
The grey matter location of the primary auditory cortex.
What is the pdSTG?
The term for the job of the first areas of auditory processing, or, calculating which frequencies are modulated over time.
What is spectrotemporal analysis?
Of the two parts of the model of language production that we learned, this is the name of the conceptual side.
What is Lexical Selection?
In hard-of-hearing individuals, the modality of using hands to make signs.
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What is production?
After this age, even with a cochlear implant, born-hard-of-hearing individuals will never recover language comprehension skills.
What is 3 years old?
This term describes the frequency-based layout of the gradients in the primary auditory processing area of the brain.
What is tonotopy?
This is where you'd find the neurons that represent phonemes and phoneme sequences.
What is the mid/post-STS?
An "abstract word node" that serves as a 'pointer.'
What is a lemma?
A term representing the idea that the brain's ability to process language is a composite of many different biologies that are not necessarily language-related.
What is emergent?
Sequence learning is a necessary ability to develop this language knowledge.
What is syntax?
This modality of language is bilateral.
What is comprehension?
The pMTG and pITS are the location of this aspect of the language comprehension, which serves as a 'pointer' to word meanings.
What is the Lexical Interface?
Of the two parts of the the model of language production, this is the part that features competition.
What is Lexical Selection?
This skill is directly related to the cortico-basal gangliar-thalamic loop, a white matter tract and neurobiological prerequisite of language.
What is vocal learning?
This fundamental type of implicit memory is necessary for word segmentation.
What is statistical learning?
A language skill typically performed contralateral to the language-dominant hemisphere; for instance, saying "Tres" after being asked for your name.
What is automatic speech?
The "Dorsal Stream" of language comprehension seems to be responsible for this trick of working memory, due to its other roles in speech execution.
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What is the Phonological Loop?
In the model of language production that we learned, the grey matter most associated with the Syllable Node.
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What is the Left pIFG?
This white matter tract is a prerequisite for voluntary vocalization, a key skill in human language.
This is theorized to be the intrinsic biology behind the opening and closing of the early-life critical period for language.
What is GABAergic circuit development?
The full name of Area "Spt," a key region in language processing.
What is Area Sylvian-Parietal-Temporal?
What is the ATL (Anterior Temporal Lobe)?
The name of the break between the two parts of the model of language production, crossing which is "not entirely a trivial matter."
What is the Major Rift?