Old aint dead
Factors
Control
Effects
Uh oh Labeling
Final Jeopardy
100
The process of auditory comprehension by which the brain calculates which frequencies are modulated over time.
What is spectrotemporal analysis?
100
What "AoA" stands for.
What is Age of Acquisition (or Appropriation)?
100
The grey matter area of a bilingual's brain most implicated, uniquely, in language-switching.
What is the Caudate?
100
This hypothesis, not specific to bilingualism, claims that grey matter grows and shrinks based on expertise.
What is the "Expansion-Renormalization" Hypothesis?
100
Involved in language control in bilinguals, the area of the brain highlighted (purple) below.
What is the ACC?
100
TOPIC:
Bilingual Language Control
In bilinguals, asymmetrical switch costs are the phenomenon wherein switching away from L2 language leads to a greater switch cost than switching away from the other one. This model predicts this is the case because of the way the languages are connected in the mind.
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What is the Revised Hierarchical Model?
200
This term describes the frequency-based layout of the gradients in the primary auditory processing area of the brain.
What is tonotopy?
200
This factor of a bilingual's language experience depends on the 'chaos' of their language use.
What is entropy?
200
This model suggests that bilinguals' control mechanisms move from conscious, effortful circuits of the brain to more automatic ones.
What is the BAPSS?
200
"The discrepancy between the observed and expected level of cognitive impairment, given the relative degree of age-related neural deterioration"
What is cognitive reserve?
200
This is the structural name of this specific region of the brain (in red) which performs the most fundamental aspect of language comprehension.
What is pdSTG?
300
A term representing the idea that the brain's ability to process language is a composite of many different biologies that are not necessarily language-related.
What is 'emergent'?
300
A bilingual who learned their languages one after another.
What is "sequential?"
300
This model claims that bilinguals' languages are competitive due to 'cascading activation.'
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What is the Bilingual Lexical Access Model?
300
The name of the model of various brain regions' structural adaptations across second language acquisition.
What is the Dynamic Restructuring Model?
300
The name of this area of the brain (red), which teams up with a neighboring region to accomplish the control mechanism of conflict monitoring in bilinguals during language processing.
What is the Pre-SMA?
400
In the language comprehension model we learned, the pMTG and pITS are the location of this part, which serves as a 'pointer' to word meanings.
What is the Lexical Interface?
400
A bilingual who uses both languages frequently, but they only ever use one language in one scenario and the other language in another.
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What is "compartmentalized?"
400
Bilinguals in a dense code-switching context would rely on this control mechanism, according to the ACH.
What is Opportunistic Planning?
400
"The experience of being bilingual leads to improvements in cognitive skills related to that experience compared to monolinguals."
What is the "Bilingual Advantage" Hypothesis?
400
The area of the brain seen below is associated with which of the five steps of the model of language production that we learned?
What is the Lemma Node?
500
This skill is directly related to the cortico-basal gangliar-thalamic loop, a white matter tract and neurobiological prerequisite of language.
What is vocal learning?
500
One might use this image-based task to test a bilingual's L1 or L2 proficiency.
What is the MINT-Sprint?
500
The name of the EEG event-related potential that corresponds to automatic conflict detection.
What is the N200?
500
Aside from AoA, research suggests this factor of the bilingual experience directly influences the amount of overlap between L1 and L2 neural representation.
What is Linguistic Distance?
500
In bilinguals' language control, the role associated with activation in the region of the brain seen below (yellow).
What is biasing selection?