Nervous System
What is a collection of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system?
Ganglion
What is the name of the band of white matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
What gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism?
Thyroid Gland
What fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning?
Cerebrospinal Fluid – CSF
What is the meaning of the suffix -tropin?
A hormone that regulates another gland’s activity
What condition results in paralysis of all four limbs due to spinal cord injury?
Quadriplegia (Tetraplegia)
Which part of the brain processes sensory input from the skin, enabling touch perception?
Somatosensory Cortex
What part of the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon?
Pancreatic Islets or Islets of Langerhans
What spinal cord groove divides the ventral white matter?
Ventral Median Fissure
What does the root gyr/o refer to in brain anatomy?
Circular or spiral structures, such as brain gyri
Which disorder is caused by abnormal antibodies attacking the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Multiple Sclerosis
Damage to which cranial nerve causes facial paralysis, as seen in Bell’s palsy?
Facial Nerve – CN VII
What class of hormones does aldosterone belong to?
Mineralocorticoids
Which reflex helps maintain posture by triggering a muscle contraction in response to a patellar tendon tap?
Knee-Jerk Reflex (which is a type of spinal, simple, and stretch reflex)
What does the suffix -poiesis mean?
Formation or production, as in hematopoiesis
What nerve condition causes pain, numbness, or weakness along the leg due to irritation of a major nerve?
Sciatica
What brain structure regulates essential autonomic functions such as respiration and heart rate?
Medulla Oblongata
What hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone – ADH
Which system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements?
Somatic Nervous System
What does the prefix nephro- refer to in medical terminology?
Kidney, as in nephromegaly
What part of a neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?
Axon
What condition is characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to seizures?
Epilepsy
What two gonadotropic hormones regulate reproductive function?
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone – FSH and Luteinizing Hormone – LH
What disease involves cognitive decline due to multiple small strokes?
Multi-Infarct Dementia
What does the term non-neurotransmitter refer to?
A substance that does not function in synaptic transmission or neural communication