Week 5
How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?
External respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.
__________ carry blood away from the heart and __________ carry blood toward the heart.
Arteries; veins
A role of the lymphatic system is to ________
return tissue fluid to the circulatory system. maintaining healthy fluid levels in the body.
removing cellular debris and harmful substances from the tissues, and helping the body absorb certain fats and other molecules
Digestion is ________.
the breakdown of food into small nutrient molecules that the body can absorb
Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system?
thyroid gland
salivary gland
adrenal gland
stomach
Stomach
Which is the order of structures through which air will pass during inspiration?
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of
capillaries.
Antibodies are ________.
proteins consisting of four polypeptide chains. They alert other cells. Detects bacteria,viruses, etc.
Both the esophagus and trachea open to the ________.
pharynx
Which hormones are made by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary?
ADH and Oxytocin
During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs...
must be maintained lower than atmospheric pressure. The lower pressure allows gas exchange more efficiently and quickly.
Blood pressure is highest in...
the arteries
When the immune system improperly turns against the body's own molecules, the result is ________.
an autoimmune disease
Which of the following statements about trans fats is correct?
Trans fats are produced by the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats in vegetable oils. Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature. The most common sources of saturated fats are meats and dairy products. Unsaturated fats. Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature
________ cells have axons that can transmit nerve impulses in addition to being able to secrete hormones like endocrine cells.
Neuroendocrine
Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they...
lack cartilage in their walls.
When the force of blood on the walls of blood vessels drops below normal, the condition is referred to as...
hypotension
When a B or T cell is primed by an interaction with its particular antigen, the cell ________.
grows, divides, and develops further
When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from erosion by gastric juice, the result is ________.
a gastric ulcer
Nonsteroid hormones are typically faster acting than steroid hormones.
True.
Which of the following disorders causes damage to the motor nerves innervating intercostal muscles, which weakens those muscles over time, eventually causing respiratory failure and death?
pleurisy
emphysema
cystic fibrosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
botulism
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The nerves that control the breathing muscles do not work correctly, and the muscles become weak. Weak breathing muscles can make it challenging to take a deep breath. Individuals with ALS start to breathe shallowly as a result.
What is the order in which blood flows through the heart and body?
🆁🅸🅶🅷🆃 🆂🅸🅳🅴
1. Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium
3. Tricuspid Valve
4. Right Ventricle
5. Pulmonary (Pulmonic) Valve
6. Pulmonary Artery
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7. Pulmonary Veins
8. Left Atrium
9. Mitral/Bicuspid Valve
10. Left Ventricle
11. Aortic Valve
12. Aorta
Most bacteria are harmless or even beneficial to humans. All of the following are ways that bacteria benefit humans EXCEPT which one?
help to manufacture essential vitamins in our digestive tracts
help prevent infection by populating open wounds and other skin injuries
used to make fermented foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut
are harnessed to make medications such as antibiotics and other drugs
help prevent infection by populating open wounds and other skin injuries
carbs, water, minerals, vitamins, proteins, lipids
Hormones regulate ________.
Growth, reproduction, and metabolism are all regulated by hormones.