CH 1 and 2
What is herd immunity?
Where at least 95% of the population is vaccinated against a certain pathogen
Helps to keep the unvaccinated individuals safeWhat are the three units of matter that make up an atom and name their associated charges.
proton: positive charge
neutron: no charge
electron: negative charge
What is the cell theory?
1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. Cells are the smallest living things
3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
T/F: Energy always flows ONE WAY (from Sun) and eventually is lost as heat
What 2 similarities and 2 differences between Prokaryote cells and Eukaryote cells.
Similarities
-contains DNA and RNA
-have a plasma membrane
-have ribosomes
Differences
-differences size
-bound organelles in euk
What are the characteristics for living organisms?
1. Composed of one or more cells
2. Reproduce using DNA
3. Obtain energy from their environment
4. Sense/respond to environment
5. Maintain constant internal environment
(homeostasis)
6. Can evolve as groups (species)
Explain how hydrogen bonds work.
weak bond formed by attraction of – end and + end of 2 molecules
What are some things that are specific to plant cells?
-chloroplasts
-large vacuole
-cell wall made of cellulose
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
To break down our food so that we can make ATP (energy)
All cells have
A. DNA
B. ribosomes
C. cytoplasm
D. plasma membrane
E. all the above
E
What is the relationship between the dependent and the independent variable?
The independent variable (the end result of the experiment) is relied upon the dependent variable (the variable that you are changing)
Name a real-life example of an ionic bond.
Na+ and Cl-, where Na gives up an electron and Cl gains an electron
What is selective permeability?
Where the plasma membrane allows certain molecules to pass/not pass through
Which step of cellular respiration makes the most ATP?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the endosymboint theory?
The theory that states where the mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living bacteria
________ is when two things happen at the
same time; _________ is when one thing causes
another.
Correlation…causation
Name all the characteristics of water.
1. surface tension
2. universal solvent (polar)
3. solid form floats and not condenses4. "sticky" cohesion and adhesion
Identify the parts of a phospholipid and their unique properties.
tail: hydrophobic
head: hydrophilic
1. Glycolysis—glucose splits into 2 pyruvates, releasing 2 ATP
2. IF O 2 is present, Krebs/Citric acid cycle: energy from pyruvate is converted to 2 ATP & high-energy electrons
3. Oxidative phosphorylation— the energy from electrons is transferred to 34 ATP
T/F: Fermentation does require oxygen and there is only one product as an end result.
False
Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and the two end products are ethanol and lactic acid
Identify certain things about the Wakefield study that made it not as scientific as possible.
- Only 12 subjects
• Not a random sample of children
• No control group
• Results could not be replicated
• Wakefield had 2 different conflicts of interest
Draw a covalent bond.
Answers will vary
What is the difference between osmosis and simple diffusion?
Osmosis: only the movement of water molecules from a low to high concentration
Simple diffusion: the movement of all particles from a low to high concentration
Draw a picture of either photosynthesis or cellular respiration
Answers will vary
Name the four macromolecules needed for life
2. protein
3. fats
4. carbohydrates