Chemistry
A substance that will increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed is called a/an_________.
What is a catalyst?
Which of the following structures is found in the nucleus?
What is Chromosome
Large carbohydrates are formed from smaller units (monomers) called_________.
What are monosaccharides?
Nucleotides are
are the building blocks of nucleic acids.
Which type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?
Autocrine
In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the_________; and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the_________.
What are membrane channels; lipid bilayer
A cell that produces many proteins for secretion would have large numbers of
What are rough ER and Golgi apparatus.
A buffer will
resist drastic changes in the pH of the solutions.
Which is involved in replicating the lagging strand of DNA, but is not involved in leading strand DNA replication?
Okazaki fragments
As cell division begins, DNA in the nucleus condenses to form_________.
What are chromosomes
Potential energy stored in bonds of molecules is_________ energy.
What is chemical?
Plasma membrane phospholipids
have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
The minimum amount of energy that reactants must have to start a chemical reaction is called_________energy.
activation
Translation
requires the pairing of codons on mRNA with anticodons on tRNA.
A DNA nucleotide sequence that signals the beginning of a gene is called a_________.
promoter
When the hydrogen bonds that maintain a protein's three-dimensional shape are broken, the protein becomes nonfunctional, and is said to be_________.
What is denatured?
Which of the following is NOT consistent with active transport?
Moves a solute down its concentration gradient (high-low)
What is the net yield of ATP and NADH produced by glycolysis of one glucose molecule?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
A DNA base sequence is A T G C C G. The sequence of bases in a strand of mRNA transcribed from this sequence of bases in DNA would be
U A C G G C.
At the end of meiosis I, there are_________, whereas at the end of meiosis II, there is/are_________.
What is two haploid cells; four haploid cells
Molecules that form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms are called_________ molecules.
What is polar?
Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris (large molecules) from damaged cells by a process called_________.
phagocytosis
Activity at the electron transport chain results in
the formation of ATP.
DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules
has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides.
Also accept semi-conservative
An organism's genetic makeup is its_________, while its physical appearance is its_________.
What is genotype; phenotype
Solution A contains 5 grams of sugar per liter while solution B contains 2 grams of sugar per liter. The solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. If the solvent in both solutions is water, predict in which direction most of the water molecules will move.
Most of the water will move by osmosis from solution B to solution A.
The intracellular digestive (recycling organism) organelle of a cell is the_________.
lysosome
The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that
the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure.
Mature mRNA contains all of the following:
spliced exons, a poly‑A tail, and a 7‑methylguanosine cap.
In humans, somatic cells have_________ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have_________.
46; 23