Chapter 10
Macroevolution
Macroevolution
The two modes of speciation
what is allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation?
the nearest node joining a clade together, represents an ancestor population which was a distinct species from any of extant species within the clade
what is the most recent common ancestor (MCRA)?
the abiotic factors of climate that affect the distribution of and selection on organisms?
what are light, temperature, wind, and precipitation (water)?
the properties of population?
what is density, dispersion, and demographics?
# of offspring produced per unit time by an average member of population
what is per capita birth rate?
a population forms a new species while geographically isolated from its parent population?
what is allopatric speciation?
the steps of phylogenetic inferences
what is data, possible trees, map characters, and evaluate trees?
circular movement of air due to alternate heating and cooling
what is convection current?
individuals that are evenly spaced
what is uniform?
maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
what is carrying capacity (k)?
initial RIM is anything but Habitat Isolation via Geographic Barrier
what is sympatric speciation?
the types of data when making a phylogenetic inference
what is morphological, physiological, behavioral, fossil, and molecular?
warm, moist air rises and cools as it gains altitude, which forms clouds and greater participation
what is low pressure zones?
low morality of juveniles, high morality in oldest individuals (most individuals live long lives)
what is type 1 survivorship curve?
per capita rate of increase approaches zero as population size nears the carrying capacity
what is logistic population growth?
the four common patters of allopatric speciation if populations come back into contact?
what is reinforcement, fusion, stability, extinction, and new species formation?
criterion which says that the best tree is the one which requires the fewest evolutionary changes for all characters
what is parsimony?
biome that is sometimes called a boreal and is the largest terrestrial biome
what is a taiga?
predicts that the behavior that maximizes the differences between the costs and benefits of the behavior will result in the highest fitness
what is the optimality theory?
how population size regulation can be categorized
what is density dependent factors and density independent factors?
the kinds of RIMs for sympatric speciation?
what are
gametic, hybrid sterility, hybrid inviability (mutation)
habitat isolation, temporal isolation (natural selection)
behavioral isolation (Sexual selection)
assortative mating (behavioral isolation)
a taxonomic group that includes the common ancestor but excludes descendants on one or more branches
what is a paraphyletic clade?
decreased winds at the equator that leads to warming of the waters off of South America
what is el nino?
selection for traits that maximize reproductive successes and are favorable in low density environments
what is r selection?
if there are anything `4 birds per years in a pop of 1000 lions, what is the per capita birth rate (b).
what is B=bN
=14/1000
=0.014 ?