Energize!! (4)
The capacity to do work.
What is energy?
Solution in which a cell would neither gain or lose water.
What is an isotonic solution?
Conversion of solar energy to chemical energy in the form of a carbohydrate.
What is photosynthesis?
Phases of the Calvin Cycle.
What are CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and Regeneration of RuBP?
Area of the mitochondria between the outer membrane and the cristae.
What is the intermembrane space?
Total number of ATP produced by cellular respiration.
What is 38?
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
During the process of endocytosis and exocytosis, these move material or fluid into or out of the cell.
What are vesicles?
Structure via which carbon dioxide enters the leaf.
What are stomata?
Molecule that can exit the Calvin Cycle and forms glucose and other organic molecules.
What is G3P (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)?
Eight step process that breaks down glucose to form pyruvate.
What is glycolysis?
Role of oxygen in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration.
What is act as a final electron acceptor?
Reactions in which electron loss and electron gain occurs during different phases of the reaction.
What are redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions?
Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
What is ATP and NADPH?
Molecule that combines with CO2 to form a 6 carbon structure, which in turn breaks down into two 3 carbon molecules (3PG).
What is RuBP?
The fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide with 5 carbon RuBP is facilitated by RuBP Carboxylase (a.k.a. RuBISCO)
Process in which ATP production is tied to an H+ gradient across a membrane.
What is chemiosmosis?
Location of the Krebs cycle.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
A series of chemical reactions that release energy from sugar, producing ATP from ADP.
What is cellular respiration?
The sodium-potassium pump is considered active transport because it requires this.
What is energy to move ions against a concentration gradient?
Layers (tissue) of the leaf where photosynthesis occurs.
What is the mesophyll?
Location of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
What is the stroma of the chloroplast?
Fate of glucose molecule in glycolysis.
What is 2 pyruvate?
In the prep reaction, a 3–carbon pyruvate is converted to this.
What is a 2-carbon acetyl group?
Substrate concentration, temperature, optimal pH, presence of cofactors.
What are factors that change rate of enzyme activity?
Facilitated diffusion requires this to move molecules.
What is a transport (or carrier/channel) protein?
Location of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
What is the thylakoid membrane?
Occurs when RuBP carboxylase (RuBisCO) reacts with oxygen when the stomata are closed causing components of the Calvin Cycle to break down.
What is photorespiration?
Net yield of ATP in fermentation.
What is 2 ATP?
Number of FADH2 produced in the Krebs cycle.
What is 2?
A chemical reaction in which energy exits the reaction.
What is an exergonic reaction?
When the concentration of NaCl INSIDE a cell is higher than outside, water will move this direction.
What is into the cell?
Water moves into the cell if NaCl (table salt) concentration in higher INSIDE the cell, because the water concentration is therefore LOWER inside the cell. Water wants to flow toward the lower concentration, thus it rushes into the cell. In animal cells, the cell may burst when this occurs.
Passes an energized electron to an electron acceptor BEFORE it enters the electron transport chain.
What is Photosystem II?
Type of photosynthesis that partitions the light-dependent and light-independent reactions in space.
What is C4 photosynthesis?
Products of glycolysis.
What is 2 ATP and 2 NADH?
The most ATP is produced during this phase of cellular respiration.
What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
How an enzyme works to encourage chemical reactions.
What is lowers the energy of activation of the reaction?
Plants loose this when their cells are placed in a hypertonic solution.
What is turgor pressure?
Type of photosynthesis in which CO2 is fixed into a C4 molecule at night, and then released to the Calvin Cycle as CO2 during the day.
What is CAM Photosynthesis?
Location of the Calvin Cycle in C4 Photosynthesis.
What is the bundle sheath??
In fermentation, the reason for converting pyruvate to lactate or alcohol.
What is to recycle NAD+?
Phase in the Calvin cycle in which CO2 from the atmosphere combines with RuBP.
What is CO2 fixation?