Properties
Hydrogen bonding between a charged surface and water molecules
Adhesion
Type of bonding that creates ions. Involves transfer of electrons
Ionic bonding
What type of reaction builds a polymer?
Anabolic reaction (dehydration synthesis- remove a water to form a bond between two molecules)
What nucleotide is present in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil
What is one of the most important factors in determining the function of a molecule?
Structure
Hydrogen bonding between molecules of water (allows for high surface tension)
Cohesion
Type of bonding that involves sharing of electrons
Covalent bonding
What type of reaction breaks down a polymer?
What is the process where the information stored in DNA is made into mRNA?
Transcription
At what range of pH is a solution considered basic?
pH 7-14
List two of the properties of living organisms
Order, evolutionary adaptation, growth and development, regulation, reproduction, response to the environment, energy processing
If a molecule is repelled by water, it is...
hydrophobic (nonpolar)
What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fats?
Cis-double bond in fatty acid chain causes a kink - unable to pack in tightly and remain liquid at room temperature
What is the process where mRNA is used to create a protein?
Translation (this happens outside of the nucleus)
How is tertiary structure formed in proteins?
Interactions between R-groups in the amino acid chain cause protein folding
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given substance by 1 degree C (very high for water)
Specific Heat
How many bonds can carbon form to fill its valence shell?
4
What do cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan have in common?
Structural polysaccharides (as opposed to starch and glycogen which store energy)
What are the nucleotide base pairings explained by Chargaff's Rule?
Adenine/Thymine (or uracil in RNA)
Cytosine/Guanine
Why is water referred to as a universal solvent?
Partial negative and positive charges allow for attraction and bonding to many different charged molecules
What is the property of atoms that causes bonds to either be polar or nonpolar?
Electronegativity- affinity for electrons
What type of isomer is this?
H H
C=C
X X
cis-isomer (the x's are on the same side)
a trans-isomer would look like
H X
C=C
X H
What causes alpha helices and beta pleated sheets to form in proteins?
Interactions between the backbone of the amino acid chain - secondary structure
If 40% of nucleotides in an organisms DNA are Adenine, what percent is guanine?
10%
How many times more acidic is a pH of 2 than a pH of 4?
100x