Animal Systems (Macromolecules/Digestive)
What is the main function of the microvilli in the small intestine?
Increase surface area to help with nutrient absorption.
Which component of the blood carries oxygen?
Erythrocytes
Which plant tissue acts as the protective outer covering of a plant?
Dermal
What are the genotypes of the parents of a colourblind girl?
Dad: XbY
Mom: XBXb OR XbXb
Which kingdom do decomposers belong to?
Which structure prevents food from going down the "wrong tube"?
The epiglottis
Which two structures allow for gas exchange between the respiratory and circulatory systems?
The alveoli and capillaries
What is the role of stomata and guard cells?
Stomata are microscopic pores in a leaf's epidermis that allows for gas exchange. The guard cells surround each stoma to control its opening and closing
What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?
Incomplete dominance: traits blend together, an intermediate trait appears in the offspring
Codominance: both traits appear in the offspring
What are the 2 levels of classification that are used in binomial nomenclature?
Genus and species
Which structure produces bile?
The liver
Josh has an inspiratory reserve volume of 2100 mL, an expiratory reserve volume of 1200 mL, a tidal volume of 500 mL, and a residual volume of 1200 mL. What is his vital capacity?
3800 mL
What is cork cambium?
What happens during a nondisjunction mutation?
Homologous chromosomes do not separate during meiosis I or sister chromatids do not separate during meiosis II
What is a vestigial structure? What can they give us insight on?
Structures that do not serve a purpose. Gives us insight into potential ancestors of the organism
Which macromolecule is broken down by pancreatic lipase?
Lipids
During inspiration, what happens to the:
1. Diaphragm
2. Lung volume
3. Pulmonary pressure
4. Air flow
1. Diaphragm contracts
2. Lung volume increases
3. Pressure decreases
3. Air moves in
What does abscisic acid do in a plant?
Inhibits cell division to stop primary and secondary growth and allow for the plant to enter dormancy
What is crossing over in meiosis? What does it result in?
The exchange of genetic material between segments of homologous chromosomes. It results in genetic diversity
What kind of reproductive barrier is occurring when an offspring is viable but cannot reproduce?
Hybrid sterility
Which structure prevents chyme from going back into the stomach after moving to the small intestine?
The pyloric sphincter
What does a systole measure?
Pressure on the arteries when the ventricles contract to push blood out of the heart
Explain how gymnosperms reproduce in 4 simple steps.
1. Pollen created and released from male cones
2. Pollen lands on and enters female cones
3. Sperm fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote contained in a seed
4. 2 years later, the seed falls out of female cone and germinates in the soil it lands in
A man with AB positive blood who's dad had A negative blood married a woman with O negative blood. What is the probability of their child having A negative blood?
4/16 or 1/4 or 25% chance
What was Tiktaalik roseae? Why was it such a groundbreaking discovery?
A transitional fossil. It filled in a gap that helps explain how animals moved from water to land