Cellular Respiration
What are the coenzymes for cellular respiration?
NADH
FADH2
what type of reaction is photosynthesis?
anabolic/endergonic reaction
2 identical daughter cells
4 non-identical daughter cells
what happens to the H+ ions after oxidative phosphorylation?
Electrons and H+ are combined with oxygen to form water b/c there is a buildup of H+ ion in the mitochondria which could ruin the H+ gradient
What are the 3 steps of cellular respiration?
1. glycolysis
2. citric acid cycle
3. oxidative phosphorylation
what organisms do photosynthesis?
Plants, algae, and some bacteria
what happens in interphase? what happens in prophase?
- interphase: DNA duplicates; all other cell functions are occurring
- prophase: DNA stands condense into chromosomes
What happens interphase? what happens in prophase I?
- interphase: DNA duplicates; all other cell functions are occurring
- prophase I: chromosomes of homologous pairs cross over
how much ATP is made from 1 glucose after cellular respiration?
38 ATP
what happens in glycolysis? where does it occur? how much ATP is made?
- 1 glucose = 2 pyruvate and sent to the mitochondria
- occurs in the cytoplasm
- 4 ATP made
what are the reactions in photosynthesis?
- light reactions
- calvin cycle
what happens in metaphase?
chromosomes (sister chromatids) line up at the metaphase plate
what happens in metaphase I and anaphase I?
- metaphase I: homologous pairs line up at the metaphase
- anaphase I: homologous pairs are separated and pulled to opposite poles
what are the role of coenzymes?
molecules that temporarily hold onto energized e- and H+ ions from broken bonds
what happens in the citric acid cycle? where does it occur? how much ATP is made?
- 2 pyruvate = 2 acetyl-CoA = 2 CO2
- occurs: mitochondria
- 2 ATP made
what happens in the light reaction?
transforms sunlight (kinetic) energy into chemical (potential) energy in ATP and energized e- on NADPH (coenzyme)
what happens in anaphase?
sister chromatids pull apart to opposite poles of the cell
what happens in telophase 1?
nuclear envelope cleaves and 2 non-identical daughter cells are produced
What are the two muscle types and their characteristics?
- Slow twitch:
- dense capillaries, high amounts of mitochondria and myoglobin, and stores oxygen
- Aerobic
- Lose mass through lack of use
- Fast twitch:
- Few mitochondria and little myoglobin
- Anaerobic
- Muscle mass is increased through resistance training
what happens in oxidative phosphorylation? where does it occur? how much ATP is made?
- energized electrons (coming from coenzymes) are transported through the chain = release energy -> ATP synthase = ATP
- occurs in the mitochondria, specifically in the ETC
- 34 ATP made
what happens in the calvin cycle?
uses energy in ATP and e- on NADPH to build a 3-carbon sugar molecule from CO2
what happens in telophase?
nuclear envelope cleaves and 2 identical daughter cells are made
Why is meiosis II similar to mitosis?
In meiosis II, the sister chromatids, (left over from meiosis I), are splitting instead of homologous pairs
what is fermentation?
normal glycolysis (1 glucose = 2 pyruvate)
- steps that do not occur:
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
- 2 ATP made and 2 full NADH