UNIT 1
Illustrates evolutionary histories
of different groups
What is a phylogenic tree?
Isomer that has a different orientation around
a double bond
what is a cis-trans isomer?
Complex molecules made from simple molecules
What is an anabolic reaction?
Exchange of genetic material between
nonsister chormatids at the chiasmata
What is crossing over?
Newly replicated DNA is scanned for mistakes by other proteins and mismatches can be corrected
What is mismatch repair?
Used to predict what facts would
also have to be true to be compatible with the
hypothesis
What is deductive logic?
Localized regularities of structure characterized by repeated spatial patterns in different regions of the
polypeptide chain
what is the secondary structure (of a protein)?
The final product acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the first enzyme, shutting down the pathway
What is feedback inhibition?
The probability of two independent events
happening together
What is the multiplication rule?
An automated process that
makes multiple copies of short DNA sequences for genetic
manipulation and research
What is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
Bonds formed by the electrical attraction of positive and negative ions
what are ionic attractions?
Creating life from inanimate
objects/nature
What is spontaneous generation?
The enzyme that moves functional groups from one place to another within a molecule
What is isomerase?
Each determinant has distinct nature; when gametes fuse, determinants remain intact
What is particulate inheritance?
Proteins that bind to DNA sequences and RNA polymerase, helping direct polymerase onto the promoter
What are transcription factors?
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause them to stick together
What is cohesion?
Interconnected system of
membrane‐enclosed compartments
Process of cellular respiration in which ATP is synthesized by reoxidation of electron carriers in the presence of O2
what is oxidative phosphorylation?
The complex that activates separase to hydrolyze cohesin to ensure successful separation of sister chromatids
The site where tRNA adds its amino acid to the growing chain
What is the P site?
A weak acid and its corresponding base; helps
maintain constant pH
What is a buffer?
Transmembrane protein that binds to matrix outside epithelial cells and to actin filaments inside cells
What is integrin?
Type of electron transport that uses photosystem I and electron transport to produce ATP instead of NADPH
What is cyclic electron transport?
Type of replication pattern in which the DNA fragments are templates, old and new parts assembled into new molecules
what is dispersive replication?
Added to polypeptide after translation; indicates where it belongs in the cell
What is the signal sequence?