Life & the Scientific Method
Life emerges at the level of...
___ selection happens when humans make conscious selections for or against features in an organism
Artificial selection
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
___is the number of covalent bonds an element can form
Bond number
____ are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but different structures
Structural Isomers
What are the 3 Domains of Life?
Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea, and Domain Eukarya
Are mutations usually beneficial or usually harmful?
How beneficial or harmful mutations are depends on the environment
___ is formed between atoms by the transfer of electrons to make a complete octet
Ionic bond
What are dipoles?
A pair of equal and oppositely charged poles separated by a distance
Living organisms build macromolecules by joining smaller molecules called___?
Monomers
To keep as many variables the same as possible, except the independent variable is called...?
The Control
Features that often have different functions across species but are structurally similar is called___?
Homologous Structures
What electrons are in the outermost electron shell surrounding an atom that can participate in bonds.
Valence electrons
What are the emergent properties of water that support life on earth?
High specific heat capacity, cohesive behavior, expansion upon freezing, and solvent properties
Carbohydrates include what 5 structures?
1. Sugars
2. Starches
3. Glycogen
4. Fibers
5. Chitin
Eukaryote or Prokaryote cell?
A larger, more complex, organelles, and nucleus contains DNA
Eukaryote Cell
What are the 5 forces that cause populations to change their frequencies of traits?
1. Genetic drift
2. Mutation
3. Gene flow
4. Natural selection
5. Non-random mating
Polar or Nonpolar Covalent? The electron is shared unequally and there are partial charges
Adding an acid to a solution:
Increases the pH
There are 20 amino acids. All of them have what same 4 basic structures?
1. an amino group
2. a carboxyl group
3. a central carbon
4. a unique group extending from the central carbon called an R group
What are the 7 properties of life?
Order, Reproduction, growth and development, response to environment, energy processing, regulation, and evolutionary adaptation
How does radiometric dating work?
Radiometric dating measures the quantity of unstable atoms left in a rock and compares it to the quantity of stable daughter atoms in the rock. Scientists can estimate the amount of that has passed since that formed
What would happen if a carbon lost an electron?
It will become a positively charged ion
____ functional groups are made up of a bunch of nonpolar covalent bonds and not water soluble
Hydrophobic functional groups
Nucleic acids are made of ____
Nitrogen-containing bases, phosphate groups, and sugar molecules.