Chapter 1
what are the tenants of cell theory?
Cells can only arise by division from a preexisting cell
All organisms are composed of one or more cells
The cell is the structural unit of life
what is required for biological evolution to occur?
heritable variation in the population
If the H+ ion concentration of a household item is 10-8, how many OH- ions does it have?
10-6 because it has to equal 10-14
Has the ability to act as a weak acid and is seen in all amino acids
carboxyl group
Commonly seen in sugars and is very polar
Carbonyl group
What processes or properties do all living things have?
responding to its environment
difference between deductive and inductive reasoning
inductive reasoning goes from specific to general
is high pH alkaline or acidic?
High pH means alkaline which means a low concentration of H+ ions
low pH means acidic which means a high concentration of H+ ions
Has the ability to act as a weak base
amino group
what are enantiomers
an isomer that has 4 different groups bonded to an asymmetric carbon.
their multiple forms are mirror images
have the same chemical formula
what do both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes have?
Plasma membrane
what are the essential elements that makeup living matter?
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
calcium
phosphorus
potassium
sulfur
sodium
chlorine
magnesium
(top 4 make 96.3%, the rest make the 3.7%)
Biological fluids regulate pH values using __________. This is achieved by accepting _________ when pH is low and donating _________ when pH is high.
Buffers, H+ ions, H+ ions
important in protein structure
Sulfhydryl Group
which group has a double bonded oxygen atom and a single bonded OH connected to a single carbon.
Carboxyl group
the difference between applied science and basic (pure) science
basic - do it for the sake of knowledge, no product or service going in
applied- science applied to real-world problems
What is a compound?
two or more elements combined.
difference between adhesion and cohesion
cohesion is the attraction of h2o bonds through H ions
Adhesion is the attraction of H2O bonds to nonwater molecules which cause H2O to stick to things
Polar and is able to form hydrogen bonds with water making it easy for the compound to dissolve in water. The defining group is seen in alcohols.
Hydroxyl group
What is an isomer
Compounds that have the same number & types of atoms of an element
Arranged differently
What is the hierarchical order of life in order from least complex to most complex?
atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
difference between covalent and ionic bonds
covalent bonds- electrons are shared
ionic bonds- electrons are transferred
Very prevalent in the DNA's structure and has a negative charge
phosphate group
Seen in DNA gene regulation and is nonpolar in nature
Methyl group
why are weak chemical bonds important?
Weak bonds allow for dynamic and easily reversible interactions.
Reinforce the shapes of large molecules
Help molecules reversibly stick to each other