A nucleic acid is a polymer of monomers called nucleotides.
100
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
A simple sugar, like glucose
100
Does the presence of cholesterol affect membrane permeability?
Yes
200
What four elements make up 96% of our body mass?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
200
What structure is formed by interactions between R groups?
Tertiary structure
200
What is the covalent bond between nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bond
200
Why are carbohydrates considered precursors?
They are important building blocks in the synthesis of other molecules
200
Membranes made of ________ are more permeable.
Unsaturated fats
300
What are the three properties of water?
1. High surface tension
2. Expands as it changes from liquid to solid
3. High heat capacity
300
Do nonpolar R groups form hydrogen bonds? Why or why not?
No, because they are hydrophobic.
300
When did Watson and Crick discover the structure of DNA?
1953
300
What is a disaccharide?
A polymer of two subunits, like 2 glucoses linked together by a glycosidic linkage
300
When does osmosis occur?
When solutes are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water but NOT to solutes
400
There is a difference in electronegatively in what type of covalent bond?
Polar covalent bond
400
Why is protein folding often spontaneous?
Hydrogen bonds and van der waals interactions make the folded molecule more stable than the unfolded molecule
400
A certain DNA molecule is determined to have a guanine content of 40%. If a RNA molecule is synthesized from this particular DNA, what percentage of uracil will be in RNA?
G-40
C-40
A-10
U-10
400
Why is chitin very tough?
Because it is not water soluble
400
What does it mean if a lipid chain is saturated?
Every carbon atom has a maximum of covalent bonds with hydrogen bonds
500
Why is oxygen so electronegative?
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons. There are a lot of protons in the nucleus of oxygen, therefore it attracts more electrons.
500
What is a protein if it is unable to function normally?
Denatured
500
Why are G-C bonds stronger than A-T bonds?
G-C make three hydrogen bonds and A-T only make 2 hydrogen bonds. Heat can break the H bonds and change the structure from ds to ss.
500
Which is more important in animals? Starch or glycogen?
Glycogen
500
What is the difference between a phospholipid and a triglyceride?
Phospholipids have only 2 legs instead of 3 like triglycerides.