Unit 1
What are the two types of reproduction?
What is sexual and asexual
What are homologous chromosomes?
What is pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same relative locations
What is microevolution and macroevolution?
What is changes in frequencies of alleles, or genotypes, population across generations, and pattern of evolution at, or above, the species level (speciation)
What is the principle of parsimony?
What is generally the simplest answer is the most likely
What is the difference between a fundamental and a realized niche?
what is the range of conditions and resources an organism could use and the actual range of conditions and resources an organism uses
What is central dogma?
What is DNA -(Transcription)-> RNA-(translation)-> Protein
What is crossing over (prophase 1), independent assortment (metaphase 1), segregation (anaphase 1), and reductional division (Telophase 1)
What are the mechanisms of microevolution?
What is mutation, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift
What is the difference between homologous structures and homoplasious structures?
What are structures that evolved from the same feature in a common ancestor and structures that are similar in form and function that arose independently
What are the abiotic factors of climate?
What are temperature, light, and precipitation
What is evolution?
What is descent with modification
In a dihybrid cross what ratio do you expect to see in offspring?
what is 9:3:3:1
What are the equations for actual genotype frequency and actual allele frequency?
What is (# with genotype)/n and 2(# homozygous) +(# heterozygous)/ 2n
What are the fundamental properties of a population?
What are density, dispersion, demographics, and life history
What are GPP and NPP?
What is the total primary production and the amount of energy available for the next trophic level
What are the requirements of evolution?
What is variability, heritability, differential reproductive success
What are the 3 types of selection and how do you know which is occurring?
What is natural selection (environment), artificial selection (humans), and sexual selection (mate competition)
What are the two types of RIMS?
What are pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers
What are density dependent and density independent factors?
What are factors influence on population changes with the density of the population and factor's influence is not affected by population density
What are the primary and secondary phases of succession?
What is establishment and development communities in a habitat that was newly established and the pattern of regeneration species diversity in a community following disturbance.
What are the types of mutation you learned in class and what do they do?
What are indels (frameshift not divisible by 3, inframe dividable by 3) substitutions (silent, missense, and nonsense)
How do we interpret W?
what is W>1 (individual doing better then the population) W=1 (individual doing equally as well as the population, W<1 (individual doing worse than the population
How do you interpret p-values?
What is p-value >0.05 (actual matches expected, population is in HWE, no evolution) P-value <0.05 (actual doesn't match expected, population is not in HWE, evolution is occurring)
What type of growth will every population experience over time and why?
Name 4 of the adaptations to consumer-prey interactions and why are they adaptations?
What are some variation of hiding, countershading, deception/mimicry, mechanical defenses/weapons, mechanical defenses/weapons, agility, flocks and schools, chemical defenses/weapons (coloration and mimicry), masting, alarm calls and mobbing