Speciation
This process occurs when populations become reproductively isolated and evolve into distinct species.
Speciation
This hypothesis proposes that life arose from nonliving matter through chemical processes.
Chemical evolution
This branch of biology involves naming, describing, and classifying organisms.
Taxonomy
This plant tissue system is largely responsible for photosynthesis and includes parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Ground tissue system
A plant that completes its entire life cycle within one growing season belongs to this category.
Annual
This type of speciation occurs when populations are separated by a geographic barrier.
Allopatric speciation
These early structures preserved evidence of ancient microbial life and activity.
Microfossils
This term describes the evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor.
Phylogeny
This vascular tissue transports water and dissolved minerals from roots toward stems and leaves.
xylem
A plant that requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle belongs to this category.
This model describes evolutionary change through the slow accumulation of changes over long periods.
Gradualism
These photosynthetic bacteria were among the first organisms to release oxygen into the atmosphere.
Cyanobacteria
This is the broadest of the major taxonomic ranks listed on the exam: domain, phylum, class, order, and family.
Domain
This substance strengthens the cell walls of woody plant tissues.
Lignin
These regions contain cells that continually divide and supply new cells for plant growth.
Meristems
This model proposes long periods of little change interrupted by relatively rapid periods of evolutionary change.
Punctuated equilibrium
This theory explains how mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic ancestors living inside host cells.
The wings of birds and insects have similar functions but evolved independently, illustrating this type of evolution.
Convergent evolution
These specialized epidermal outgrowths can help certain plants remove excess salt.
Trichomes
This type of growth increases the length of roots and shoots.
Primary
Bonus: Name the meristem at which this growth occurs
This process can produce plant species when chromosome sets from different species combine.
Allopolyploidy
These organisms are unable to survive in the presence of oxygen.
Obligate anaerobes
This type of evolutionary group includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants.
Monophyletic group
This outer tissue system protects the plant.
Dermal tissue system.
Bonus: Name the dermal tissue type present in mature herbaceous plants and mature woody plants.
This type of growth increases the girth of stems and roots.
Secondary growth.
Bonus: Name the meristem at which this growth occurs