Plasma Membrane
This structure defines the boundary of the cell and controls what enters and exits.
What is the plasma membrane?
This type of transport requires no ATP and moves substances down their concentration gradient.
What is passive transport?
This is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
This term describes all chemical reactions occurring within an organism.
What is metabolism?
This part of the enzyme binds to the substrate.
What is the active site?
This model describes the membrane as a flexible layer with embedded proteins.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
This process moves particles from high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
What is diffusion?
This type of solution has equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell.
What is an isotonic solution?
These metabolic pathways break down large molecules and release energy.
What are catabolic pathways?
These non-protein helpers assist enzymes in catalysis.
What are cofactors?
These molecules form the bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
What are phospholipids?
This type of diffusion uses protein carriers but does not require energy.
What is facilitated diffusion?
This type of solution causes animal cells to shrink due to water loss.
What is a hypertonic solution?
This type of reaction releases energy and has a negative ΔG.
What is an exergonic reaction?
This occurs when an enzyme changes shape slightly to better fit the substrate.
What is induced fit?
This molecule maintains membrane fluidity and prevents solidification at low temperatures.
What is cholesterol?
This transport moves substances against the concentration gradient using ATP.
What is active transport?
This type of solution causes animal cells to swell or lyse.
What is a hypotonic solution?
This is the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction.
What is activation energy?
These molecules compete with the substrate for the active site.
What are competitive inhibitors?
These membrane components with attached carbohydrate chains function in cell recognition.
What are glycoproteins and glycolipids?
This process uses vesicles to bring large particles into the cell.
What is endocytosis?
This pressure in plant cells prevents them from bursting in hypotonic environments.
What is turgor pressure?
This complex forms when a substrate binds to an enzyme’s active site.
What is the enzyme-substrate complex?
These inhibitors bind elsewhere on the enzyme and alter its shape.
What are noncompetitive inhibitors?