BIO 120-02: Midterm Exam 1 Review

Carbohydrates

100

1. Name the 3 types of carbohydrates

1. Monosaccharides

2. Disaccharide

3. Polysaccharides

200

2. Name the polysaccharides used for storage by animals AND plants. 

Glycogen (animals) 

Starch (plants)

300

3. ______________ is when polymers are broken down by the addition of H₂O. 

Hydrolysis

400

4. This is an energy storage polysaccharide found in animals: 

Glycogen 

500

5. H-bonds between strands of _________ make it a strong structural polysaccharide.

Cellulose

Lipids

100

1. Name the 3 types of lipids.

1. Fats (triglycerides)

2. Phospholipids

3. Steroids

200

2. Which of these describes unsaturated fats?

A. Fatty acid tails w/ 1 or more double covalent bonds

B. Solid at room temp.

C. Fatty acid tails w/ no double covalent bonds

D. Straight

E. None of above

A. Fatty acid tails w/ 1 or more double covalent bonds

300

3. True/false: Lipids are water-insoluble, polar, and hydrophobic.

False.

400

4. What lipid has a rigid backbone of 4 carbon rings

Steroid hormone.

500

5. What are the components of a phospholipid?

They have hydrophilic heads (glycerol + phosphate group) and 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

Proteins

100

1. Name one protein function.

• Structure

• Storage

• Transport

• Signaling

• Movement

• Defense

• Enzyme activity (biological catalysts)

200

2. What bonds link amino acids together to create proteins?

Peptide bonds

300

3. What dictates protein shape?

Amino acid sequence

400

4. What happens in the tertiary structure?

A. Amino acid sequence

B. Overall structure formed by linking several individual polypeptide subunits

C. Formation of alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

D. Unique 3D shape formation of a fully-folded protein

E. None of the above

D. Unique 3D shape formation of a fully-folded protein

500

5. Amino acids with hydrocarbon side chains are: 

A. Polar and hydrophilic

B. Polar and hydrophobic

C. Nonpolar and hydrophobic

D. Nonpolar and hydrophilic

C. Nonpolar and hydrophobic

Miscellaneous

100

Which of these is not a monosaccharide?

A. Lactose

B. Galactose

C. Glucose

D. Fructose

E. All of these are monosaccharides

A. Lactose

200

2. This is a structural polysaccharide found in cell walls of fungi

Chitin

300

Hemoglobin is an example of ___ protein structure

Quaternary 

400

Living organisms require this element in only small amounts: 

A. C

B. Zn

C. H

D. N

E. O

B. Zn

500

Which of these is true for plasma membranes? 

A. The extracellular side is hydrophobic

B. The cytoplasmic side is hydrophilic

C. The interior is hydrophobic

D. Both A & B

E. Both B & C 

E. Both B and C