Cellular Respiration
What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration
make energy in the form of atp
Where does the oxygen released during photosynthesis come from?
What are the two types of nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
What is the general equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
What is the process of coverting DNA information to RNA information called
Transcription
what is an enzyme that adds a phosphate group
kinase
What is the plant organ specialized for photosynthesis
the leaf (easy for gases to go in & out)
What sort of information does DNA encode
genetic information; information for making proteins; digital information
What is the organic molecule that absorbs sunlight
chlorophyll
Where does oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) take place
inner mitochondrial membrane
How many ATP molecules and NADH molecules are produced in the first stage of cellular respiration ?
ATP: 4 made, 2 used (net total =2)
NADH: 2 molecules
What is the enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide
Rubisco
What is the function of the 5' cap in mRNA
opens up the nuclear pores in order to leave the nucleus
What is the diffence bewteen DNA and RNA
DNA - double strand; deoxyribose, ATGC
RNA - single strand; ribose; AUGC
Heterotroph vs. Autotroph, what are they ?
Heterotroph - consumer
Autotroph - producer
ETC - where are the protons pumped ?
from the matrix to the intermembrane space (between the inner and outer membrane of mito)
What is a photosystem and how many are there
there are 2 photosystems
All proteins begin with which amino acid?
Methionine (Met)
What is the end product of anaerobic cellular respiration in plants & animals ?
plants - ethanol
animals - lactic acid
A point mutation that results in a change in an amino acid is called
missense mutation
What is the name of the enzyme that actually makes ATP ?
ATP synthase
Where in the chloroplast is ETC located and where are protons pumped
thylakoid membrane; protons are pumped into the inside of the thylakoid
What type of molecule contains an anticodon
tRNA
tRNA enters the organelle via which site and empty tRNA leaves the organelle via which site ?
enters: A site
leaves: E site
What are some causes of mutagenesis
- radiation
- chemicals
- certain viruses