Bio 130 Exam 2

nucleic acids + DNA replication

100

True or False:  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is typically single stranded. 

true

200

In DNA replication, the 1. _________ provides the 3'OH that 2. ____________ requires to synthesize the complementary DNA strand.

1. primer

2. Dna polymerase

300

The name of the short fragment of DNA made via lagging strand synthesis.

okazaki fragment

400

Select the true statement:

a) RNA nucleotides have a 2' and 3' OH

b) In a single strand of DNA, the 5' phosphate covalently connects to the 2' H of another nucleotide

c) cytosine (C) is a purine

d) in DNA the percentage of A = the percentage of G

A

500

AATCGGA

1. Write the complementary DNA sequence

2. Write the complementary RNA sequence

1. TTAGCCT

2. UUAGCCU

transcription + translation

100

mRNA --> protein is called 1.____________, and this process occurs at the 2. ___________.

1. translation    2. ribosome

200

Select the true statement:

a) Transcription occurs in the 3' to 5' direction (nucleotides are added to the 5' end)

b)  RNA polymerase incorporates the nucleotide thymine, not uracil.

c) during the initiation phase of transcription, RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence. 

d) during transcription, amino acids are linked to form a protein.

C

300

DNA template sequence:    TAA

Write the corresponding:

1) mRNA sequence

2) tRNA anticodon sequence

3) amino acid 

1) AUU

2) UAA

3) Ile (Isoleucine)

400

A tRNA has the anticodon AAU. What amino acid will it carry?

Leucine

500

Below is the template sequence of a gene. What is the sequence of amino acids in the protein it encodes? 

TACGAATTACTAATC 

met-leu-asn-asp

mutations

100

any change to a nucleotide sequence is called a _________

mutation

200

Wild-type mRNA codon: CAU Mutant mRNA codon: CAA This is an example of a certain type of point mutation called a __________ mutation.

missense

300

When a codon that codes for an amino acid is mutated to a stop codon, this is a ______________mutation.

nonsense

400

What kind of mutation involves the addition or deletion of a nucleotide?

frameshift mutation

500

Give an example of a wild-type and mutant DNA template sequence that both code for the amino acid Histidine.What do you call this type of mutation?

example:  wild type: GTA   mutant: GTG

 silent mutation

cystic fibrosis/Pancreas info

100

cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene that codes for the ___________ protein.

CFTR

200

Select the FALSE statement:

a) CF patients are susceptible to lung infections.

b) the CFTR protein is a chloride ion transporter.

c) in CF patients, mucus is thick and sticky.

d) the CFTR gene is about 100 nucleotides long.

D

300

true or false: The exocrine cells of the pancreas are responsible for producing hormones like insulin.

false   (endocrine cells)

400

True or False: With Class I mutations of the CFTR gene, the CFTR protein is not produced.

true

500

Select the true statement:

a) insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas.

b) if the pancreatic ducts were blocked, this would result in issues with digestion. 

c) low blood glucose levels stimulate the release of glucagon (produced by alpha cells). 

d) all of the above.

D

proteins

100

proteins are polymers of ________

amino acids.

200

the part of the amino acid that is unique for all the different amino acids:

the R group

300

peptide bonds are:

a) ionic bonds

b) hydrogen bonds

c) created through dehydration reactions

d) broken when a protein is denatured

C

400

Which of the following is NOT a type of a protein:

a) structural

b) enzyme

c) storage

d) toxin

e) these are all types of proteins!

e

500

1) True or False:  all proteins have quaternary structure.

2) True or False: with denaturation, the primary structure is preserved.

1) false

2) true