Chapter 1+2
What theory does the following statement represents?
All organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells.
Cell theory
Name 3 components of an amino acid.
Amino group
Carboxyl group
R-group
In what direction does DNA replication occur?
5' --> 3'
What type of bond links monosaccharides?
glycosidic bond
Name 2 conditions that are required for evolution by natural selection.
1. differential reproduction/fitness
2. heritable variation
How many peptides can you make using each of the following amino acids exactly once: Lys, His, Pro, Thr, Asn?
55 different peptides
Name 3 parts of a nucleotide
phosphate group, nitrogenous base, pentose Sugar
What is the difference between oligosaccharides and polysaccharides?
oligosaccharides are made out of a few number of monosaccharides whereas polysaccharides are made out of a large number of monosaccharides
Natural selection acts on __________. Evolutionary change occurs in __________.
individuals; populations
At pH 7, what happens to the amino and the carboxyl group of an amino acid?
amino group will gain proton, becoming positively charged
carboxyl group will donate proton, becoming negatively charged
T/F: RNA is more stable than DNA due to the presence of the 2'-hydroxyl group.
False
Which part of phospholipids are polar and non polar?
head - polar
tail - nonpolar
What are the 4 type of bonds that hold together biological molecules?
covalent
ionic
hydrogen bonds
Van der Waals forces
What is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
active site
What holds the two strands of DNA molecule to each other?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat?
saturated fat have no double bond between molecules
unsaturated fats have double bonds
Lemon juice has a pH of ~2. What is the concentration of protons in lemon juice?
10-2 M
Would the following change in amino acid create a nonfunctional protein?
Arg --> Asp
Yes
Arg (positively charged) --> Asp (negatively charged)
Replicate the following DNA molecule.
5'-ATCGCGATCGCGT-3'
3'-TAGCGCTAGCGCA-5'
5'-ATCGCGATCGCGT-3'
3'-TAGCGCTAGCGCA-5'
5'-ATCGCGATCGCGT-3'
3'-TAGCGCTAGCGCA-5'
Why is butter solid and olive oil liquid at room temperature?
Butter = Saturated fats are solid at room temperature
Olive oil = unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.