10
11
12
13
16
100
each of the following affects the cell walls except
- penicillin
- isoniazid
- vancomycin
- erythromycin
- cephalosporin
erythromycin
100
identify the features of Koch's postulates
1. identify infectious agent
2. isolate infectious agent
3. inoculate a nonhuman subject and observe
4. re-isolate the infectious agent
100
the greatest number of pathogens enter the body from where
respiratory system
100
artificial vs natural immunity
artifical = vaccines
natural = your parents, etc
100
describe the differences between maculopaplar and vesicular rashes
pus vs no pus
200
why is penicillin less toxic than other antibiotics
cell wall
200
characteristics of endotoxins vs exotoxins
200
chemical that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in bacteria
lysozyme
200
describe Edward Jenner's role in the inoculation process
smallpox immunization using. related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one
200
virulence factor of MRSA
coagulase
300
what does trimethoprim inhibit
folic and nucleic acid
300
benefits of breast milk
lactoferrin, lactobacillus, oligosaccharide, mom bacteria
300
why are inflammation, fever, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial products considered innate?
Not antigen specific, happen regardless of specific immunity
300
whole cell vaccines vs subunit vaccines
whole cell uses the whole cell, subunit uses parts
300
causative agent of smallpox
variola virus
400
antibiotics are derived from all of the following except
penicillium
bacillus
staphylococcus
streptomycin
cephalosporium
400
Name 3 most common nosocomial infections
c diff
staph aureus
e coli
400
characteristics of inflammation
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400
what are memory cells
function of specific immunity that provides long lasting protection against certain antigens
400
describe some differences between bacterial and viral conjunctivitis
bacterial - milky discharge
viral - clear discharge
500
name the four mechanisms of drug resistance
1. new enzyme
2. alternative metabolic pathway
3. MDR pumps
4. binding sites decrease
5. uptake/absorption decreases
500
5 steps of establishing disease in a host
1. portal of entry
2. adhesion
3. surviving host defenses
4. causing illness
5. portal of exit
500
PAMPs vs PRR
PAMP on bacteria, PRR on us
500
describe the differences between B and T cells
bone marrow v thymus
B cells low numbers in blood, T cells high numbers
B cells - cortex of lymphatic organs
T cells - paracortial regions of lymphatic organs
B cells use immonuglobulin as surface receptors, T cells use T cell surface receptors
500
description of the most contagious disease known to man
measles