Chapter 1
Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics B) taxonomy C) genomics D) evolution
B) taxonomy
What does the term insoluble fiber refer to on food packages?
A) cellulose
B) polypeptides
C) starch
D) amylopectin
A) cellulose
Which of the following is not a polymer?
A) glucose
B) starch
C) RNA
D) DNA
A) glucose
Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe and measure the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
A) a hand lens (magnifying glass)
B) standard light microscopy
C) scanning electron microscopy
D) transmission electron microscopy
D) transmission electron microscopy
In bacteria, DNA will be found in ________.
A) a membrane-enclosed nucleus
B) mitochondria
C) the nucleoid
D) ribosomes
C) the nucleoid
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.
A) are more structurally complex
B) are larger
C) are smaller
D) do not have membranes
C) smaller
You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?
A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
A) primary structure
What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic?
A) their long carbon skeleton
B) the carboxyl group at one end of the molecule
C) the glycerol moiety
D) presence of relatively nonpolar C—H bonds
D) presence of relatively nonpolar C—H bonds
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
A) lysosome
B) mitochondrion
C) Golgi apparatus
D) peroxisome
B) mitochondrion
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
A) chloroplast
B) central vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) centriole
C) mitochondrion
Which of the following order is correct in terms
of the hierarchy of the organization?
A) Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population → Community → Organism
B) Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organism
C) Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere → Population → Organism
D) Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community → Population → Organism
D) Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community → Population → Organism
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a ________.
A) fatty acid
B) polysaccharide
C) nucleic acid
D) monosaccharide
D) monosaccharide
A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?
A) an amino group
B) a peptide bond
C) a disulfide bond
D) a β pleated sheet
B) a peptide bond
A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely _____.
A) producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
B) producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol
C) producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix
D) producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole
A) producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
Which of the following is the smallest structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope?
A) mitochondrion
B) microtubule
C) ribosome
D) virus
A) mitochondrion
The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as ________.
A) technology
B) deductive science
C) inductive science
D) pure science
A) technology
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5′-ATTGCA-3′, the mRNA synthesized following the template will be ________.
A) 5′-TAACGT-3′
B) 5′-TGCAAT-3′
C) 3′-UAACGU-5′
D) 5′-UGCAAU-3
C) 3′-UAACGU-5′
The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. Hydrogenated vegetable oil ________.
A) is solid at room temperature
B) has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains
C) has fewer trans fatty acids '
D) is less likely to clog arteries
A) is solid at room temperature
Which of the following macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?
A) DNA
B) amino acids
C) mRNA
D) phospholipids
C) mRNA
Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
A)rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → nucleus
B) Golgi → rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
C) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
D) rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
C) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
Which of the following is not one of Charles Darwin's observations?
A) Individuals in a population vary in their traits.
B) Many of the traits in an individual are heritable.
C) A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully reproduce on their own.
D) Species generally are adapted to their environments.
C) A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully reproduce on their own.
Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?
A) They are more common in animals than in plants.
B) They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
C) They generally solidify at room temperature.
D) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms
B) They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
The central rule of molecular biology states that ________.
A) DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein
B) DNA is translated into protein
C) DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein
D) RNA is transcribed into protein.
A) DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein
A characteristic 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules is associated with _____.
A) bacterial flagella
B) eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia
C) eukaryotic flagella, motile cilia, and nonmotile cilia
D) centrioles and basal bodies
B) eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia
Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through ________.
A) plasmodesmata
B) tight junctions
C) desmosomes
D) gap junctions
D) gap junctions