Cells & Organelles
The type of cell (eukaryotic or prokaryotic) that are smaller and contain no membrane-bound organelles
What are prokaryotes?
The subatomic particle with a positive charge
What are protons?
The biomolecule that functions as genetic material
What are nucleic acids?
The difference between DNA and RNA
The site where double helix is unwound- provides access to single strands
What is the replication fork?
The organelle in the eukaryotic cell that functions to detoxify drugs
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
The type of bond formed between the oxygen and hydrogen within a water molecule
The four organic elements in order from least electronegative to most electronegative
H, C, N, O
The three components of a nucleotide
What is a nitrogenous base, five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group?
The direction that DNA replicates
What is 5' to 3'?
The three organelles that are only present in plant cells
What are the cell wall, chloroplasts, and central vacuole?
Caused by hydrogen bond between a water molecule and another ionic or polar substance
What is adhesion?
Type of isomers that vary by covalent bond arrangement
What are structural isomers?
The total number of chromosomes in the human body
What is 46 total? (23 pairs)
Sequences that allow the lagging strand to be synthesized in short 5' to 3' fragments
What are Okazaki fragments?
The type of cell junction that functions in cell communication
What are gap junctions?
Dissociates in water to yield OH- (hydroxide) and a cation
What is a base?
The reaction that takes place when maltose is broken down into two glucose molecules
What is hydrolysis?
2 ringed nitrogenous bases such as adenine and guanine
What are purines?
What is Topoisomerase?
If the primary function of a eukaryotic cell is to synthesize protein hormones, such as insulin, the cell will have more of this organelle
What are ribosomes?
Acts as a linker to permit even suspension or both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules in solutions
The three functional groups that are found and function in proteins
What is sulfhydryl, carboxyl, and amino?
The type of bond that attaches nucleotides to make a stand of DNA or RNA
What is a phosphodiester bond?
What are telomeres?