Soil & Geology
R Horizon
This horizon is formed from leaching darker materials.
E Horizon
This was a plant-breeding program that began in the late 1960s that helped to address malnutrition by producing high-yielding crop varieties grown with chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
The Green Revolution
This is the ability of a nation to grow enough food to feed its people.
Food Self-Sufficiency
This is how meat and dairy animals are raised in confined spaces to maximize the number of animals that can be reared per area.
CAFO
This horizon is weathered plant material.
C Horizon
This horizon is made of litter, undecomposed or partially decomposed organic material.
O Horizon
This is the process of modeling a farm after an ecosystem to include a variety of plants and animals can boost productivity and protect or even enhance the local environment.
Agroecology
Industrial inputs that can be avoided by growing rice using the integrated rice and duck farm.
less fossil fuels, excess fertilizers, synthetic pesticides and herbicides, higher biodiversity
This legislation dealing with the production and sale of farm-raised commodity crops favors provisions for factory farming, including CAFOs.
The U.S. Farm Bill
This process results from physical forces that reduce the size of rock particles without changing the chemical nature of the rock.
Mechanical Weathering
This horizon is the subsoil. It contains less organic matter and fewer organisms, but accumulates nutrients leached from topsoil.
B Horizon
This is the ability of a nation to control its own food system.
Food Sovereignty
This is the ability of a pest to withstand exposure to a given pesticide
Pesticide Resistance
DAILY DOUBLE: Explain how pesticide resistance occurs within a population that was originally not resistant
Explain the inefficiency of eating meat (in terms of ecology)
So much energy loss between each trophic level! It takes a lot of time and food and energy to feed the animals we consume for meat.
This horizon is the topsoil, or the uppermost layer. It contains most of the soil nutrients and living organisms.
A Horizon
This is the process of soil salinization.
Crops and soil are watered (by us and by rain), the water is taken up by the plants or evaporates, salts and minerals are left behind, repeat the process.
This is the use of a variety of methods to control a pest population, with the goal of minimizing or eliminating the use of chemical toxins.
Integrated Pest Management
These are examples of Traditional Farming Methods (at least 3)
Crop Rotation, Contour Farming, Strip Farming, Terracing, Use of Waterways and Windbreaks
These are some reasons why CAFOs are sooooo baaaaad... (at least 3)
Large carbon footprint, lots of water use, lots of crops needed, unethical, lots of waste produced, lots of habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity (increase in antibiotics usually)
Provide a brief description of the process of soil formation.
KEY TERMS/IDEAS:
Fragmentation of parent material, first organisms to gain a foothold and contribute the breakdown of parent material, different weathering processes to add to the breakdown, other organic matter layers, humus, worms & other burrowing organisms, stored nutrients, horizons.
These 5 factors are known as the "Soil Forming Factors"
1. Time
2. Parent Material
3. Climate
4. Biological Factors
5. Topography
Provide a quick description of how the integrated rice duck farm works (organisms & roles, inputs, outputs, etc.)
Organisms: Rice, Azolla (add nitrogen), Fish (eat pests and provide fertilizer, maintain azolla population), Duck (eat pests and provide fertilizer, maintain azolla population)
Output: rice, fish, duck meat, duck eggs
The are the 4 categories/types of prevention and control methods used in IPM.
Cultural: Strip Cropping
Mechanical: Netting
Biological: Predator introduction
Chemical: Applying minimal chemicals with a targeted method
These factors are important to consider when sustainably rearing livestock.
Lower-impact species, animal density, soil management, local environment, animal polyculture