Bacterial Cell Division
Name of the process of bacterial cell division?
What is binary fission
Chromosomes are composed of what?
What is a complex of DNA and proteins.
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
G1 (Gap 1)
What is the order of mitosis?
What is interphase, prophase, (prometaphase), metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What are the two irreversible points of the cell cycle?
What are replication of DNA and separation of the sister chromatids.
Describe the origin of replication (number, directional?)
What is the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin?
Euchromatin is expressed while heterochromatin is non-coding.
What happens during S phase?
What is DNA is synthesized
What happens in prophase?
What is chromosomes first become visible as they condense, spindle apparatus forms, and nuclear envelope dissolves.
What are the reversible points called?
What are checkpoints.
How does binary fission end (where), and how many are there?
What is at a single termination site.
What is a nucleosome?
What is a complex of DNA and histones.
What parts of the cycle are part of interphase?
G1, S phase, and G2.
Where do the microtubules connect to the chromosomes?
What is the kinetochores.
What does the G2/M checkpoint do and check for?
What is it makes the decision to undergo mitosis after checking to make sure the DNA was replicated successfully.
Describe the shape and features of bacterial DNA?
What is it is a nucleiod (no nucleus) and circular in shape.
What is the charge of a histone and what is it attracted to?
What is a histone is positively charged so it is attracted to the negatively charged phosphate backbone, which is attaches to.
What is the difference between G1 and G2?
What is G1 is more focused on growing to synthesize (polymerases, cytosol) DNA while G2 makes organelles and microtubules to give to the daughter cells.
What is the purpose of metaphase?
What is to ensure that the daughter cells get one of each chromosome by lining up the sister chromatids along the metaphase plate. Each sister chromatid will be pulled in the opposite direction.
What are growth factors, nutritional state of the cell, and size of it. Ensures it is in the correct condition to go through cell division.
What is septation and what facilitates it?
What is septation separates the cellular components, and it is facilitated by a microtubulin-like protein FtsZ
What is the function of histones?
What is they partake in gene expression. When tightly packed, genes can not be expressed since polymerases can not interact.
What is G0?
What is the time before interphase where the cell is in a non-growing state. Cell can be in this state for a wide range of time.
What are anaphase A and B?
How is the cdk complex controlled?
What is phosphorylation. Phosphorylation on the red site inactivates it while phosphorylation on the green side activates it.