Lipids
The reaction that forms fatty acids
Dehydration reaction
What is the bond called that links amino acids
Peptide bond
The empirical formula for a carbohydrate
(CH2O)n
What is the special bond called that holds a polymer of nucleic acids together?
Phosphodiester bond
The max number of covalent bonds that carbon can form
What is 4 covalent bonds
Are lipids soluble in water and why?
No, because they are non-polar while water is polar.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids
Give 2 examples of a monosaccharide
These are the 3 basic parts of a nucleic acid
Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
These molecules have the same molecular or empirical formula, but they have different properties
Isomers
What is a triglyceride composed of?
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Assist in the folding of proteins into larger structures.
These are commonly used for sugar transport and energy storage.
Disaccharides
Where must we look to tell the difference between a strand of dna and rna?
On the 2' of the sugar, there will be only an H if DNA and OH if RNA.
The functional group that consists of C double bonded to O and OH
What is a carboxyl group
How can you tell the difference between a saturated fat vs an unsaturated fat?
Unsaturated fats have double bonds formed between carbon atoms while saturated have only single bonds
What is the basic structure of an amino acid composed of?
Amino, central carbon, functional group, single H, and carboxyl group
Difference between Beta links and Alpha links in carbohydrates
What is the importance of DNA?
It encodes for the sequence of amino acids, which will be used to make proteins.
Name 5 of the 7 properties of water
What is water can form hydrogen bonds, has a high specific heat, water has a high heat of vaporization, solid water is less dense than liquid water, water is a good solvent, water organizes non-polar molecules, water can form ions
What is the structure of a phospholipid and why is it important for their function?
Glycerol, 2 fatty acid tails, and a phosphate head. Found in membranes. The fatty acids are hydrophobic and are impermeable to water. The phosphate group is polar so it can interact with surrounding water/cytoplasm.
Name 5 of the 7 functions of proteins.
1. Enzyme catalysis 2. Defense 3. Transport 4. Support 5. Motion 6. Regulation 7. Storage
How are carbohydrates used as energy storage and structural support in plants and animals (4 terms)
Energy: glycogen and starch
Structural: cellulose and chitin
Name the pyrimidines and purines
Purines: Adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine
List 5 of the 7 characteristics of life (must have these characteristics to be living)