Nutrition Essentials
Nutrients required in large amounts (carbs, fats, proteins) that provide energy.
What are macronutrients?
The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
What is peristalsis?
Between vitamins and minerals, this group is composed of organic compounds.
What are Vitamins?
This hypothesis suggests that a lack of early childhood exposure to germs increases susceptibility to allergies.
What is the Hygiene Hypothesis?
Skin and mucous membranes make up this "line of defense" in the body.
What is the First Line of Defense?
This carbohydrate is the primary energy source for the human brain.
What is Glucose?
This organ produces bile, while this organ stores and concentrates it.
What are the Liver and Gallbladder?
This hormone, produced in the pancreas, allows cells to take in glucose from the blood.
What is Insulin?
These "good" bacteria found in fermented foods help maintain a healthy gut.
What are Probiotics?
This type of immunity occurs when a large portion of a community becomes immune to a disease, making spread unlikely.
What is Herd Immunity?
These "building blocks" must be obtained from food because the body cannot synthesize them.
What are essential amino acids?
The semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that expels from the stomach into the duodenum
What is chyme?
The respective building blocks for Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins.
What are Monosaccharides, Fatty Acids/Glycerol, and Amino Acids?
Unlike bacteria, these microbes require a living host cell to replicate and cannot be treated with antibiotics.
What are Viruses?
A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy cells (e.g., Type I Diabetes).
What is an Autoimmune Disease?
High levels of this "bad" cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries.
What is LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)?
While most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, this is where the majority of water reabsorption occurs.
What is the Large Intestine (Colon)?
This specific enzyme, found in saliva and the pancreas, breaks down complex carbohydrates.
What is Amylase?
The name for the vast community of trillions of microorganisms living in our intestines.
What is the Gut Microbiome?
Receiving antibodies from a mother’s breast milk is an example of this specific type of immunity.
What is Passive Immunity?
These two minerals are the primary electrolytes responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.
What are Sodium and Potassium?
These three organs are considered "accessory organs" because food does not pass through them.
What are the Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder?
A deficiency in this mineral often leads to issues with thyroid function and goiters.
What is Iodine?
This occurs when bacteria evolve to survive the drugs designed to kill them, often due to overuse.
What is Antibiotic Resistance?
The "3rd line of defense" is characterized by these two types of specialized white blood cells.
What are B-cells and T-cells?