Host Defense Overview
What is innate immunity?
This barrier prevents colonization by pathogens via competition.
What is host microbiome?
This low pH digestive organ can help destroy harmful microbes
What is the stomach?
This is the class of white blood cell that engulfs other cells and particles
What is phagocyte?
David walks into a thornbush. Which line of defense will potentially be breached?
What is the first line of defense?
This line of defense is developed as you are exposed to foreign substances.
What is the third line of defense?
The mucous membranes of these systems prevent attachment of bacteria and can contain bacteriophages.
What are digestive, urinary, and respiratory tracts.
This fluid contains lactic acid that can inhibit microbes.
What is sweat
The large WBC's found in the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone barrow.
What is monocytes?
Larissa cuts her foot, and notices the area around it is swelling and becoming inflamed. This condition is characterized by excess tissue fluid and neutrophils moving to an area to prevent potential spread of infection.
What is edema?
This is a chemical found on the surface of cells that the body recognizes are self or non self.
What is antigen?
The structures in the oral cavity/throat that help grab onto pathogens and sweep them towards the digestive system.
What are cilia?
The fluid produced in the oral cavity that contains enzymes to break down microbial cell components.
Saliva
The first step of phagocytosis, characterized by the phagocyte recognizing the microbe as foreign.
What is chemotaxis?
Ash was hanging out with his buddy who was coughing a lot, and had been diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. What WBC's will be elevated?
What is neutrophils (and sometimes monocytes)?
The primary body systems that participate in immunity
What are lymphatic, digestive, integumentary, and cardiovascular
Two ways that the host microbiome can inhibit pathogen colonization
What is compete for nutrients, compete for space, change pH.
What is fermentation
Fever inhibits metabolism of many microbes by reducing the availability of this element.
What is iron?
Brenda is feeling chilled but notices that she is sweating. This is because she has a __________, likely caused by an ___________ ______________.
Fever, endogenous pyrogen
This is the site of T cell maturation.
Thymus
These diseases may be a result of overtreatment with antibiotics.
What are Crohn's and/or ulcerative colitis.
The molecule responsible for breaking down peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall.
What is lysozyme?
This protein is produced by WBC's and is activated against viral infections.
What is interferon?
The virus that spreads from bird to bird and as resulted in a juvenile whooping crane fatality.
What is Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza?