Bio-macromolecules
Chemical Concepts & Pathways
General Science & Taxonomy
Test Principles
Cell Anatomy
100

A molecule that is used as "energy currency" within the cellular environment. It is a nucleotide that can transfer energy by transferring a phosphate group.

What is ATP?

100

When insufficient oxygen is present the NADH formed during glycolysis is used to convert pyruvate molecules into this product. (It also causes a burning sensation in muscles that have utilized their available oxygen).

What is lactic acid/lactate?

100

The Tyrannosaurus in Tyrannosaurus rex.

What is the genus?

100
A group that does not have the independant variable applied.

What is the control group?

100
The fundamental unit of life. A cellular "body".

What is a cell?

200

A key elemement in the endomembrane system this specialized lipid consists of a hydrophobic fatty acid tail and a hydrophilic head.

What is a phospholipid?

200

The amount of ATP that is produced from a single molecule of glucose that has undergone aerobic respiration within a cells mitochondria.

What is approximately 36-38 ATP molecules?

200

A community of bacterial species living together in a shared slime layer.

What is a biofilm?

200

This protein produces ATP through harnessing the proton gradient created via the electron transport chain aka oxidative phosphorylation.

What is ATP-synthase?

200

The main purpose of the cell membrane is to control what is allowed into or outside of the cell, what jelly-like mixture is contained within a cell?

What is the cytoplasm?

300

Often mistook for an organelle (it's not), this important protein is a key player in the central dogma of biology. It synthesizes proteins by "reading" an RNA sequence and producing a polypeptide.

What is a ribosome?

300

This biological catalyst lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction. It's activity can be affected by temperature, pH and substrate concentration.

What is an Enzyme?

300

An insufficient sample size of a population can result in this type of error.

What is sampling error?

300

In the Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb's Cycle) this key reactant results in the formation of CO2, ATP, NADH and FADH2 as products.

What is Acetyl CoA (acetic acid)?

300

This organelle is part of the endomembrane system and helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

What is the golgi body?

400

This monomer consists of a phosphate group, a nitrogen base, and a pentose.

What is a nucleotide?

400

The place where an enzyme binds to a substrate.

What is the active site?

400

In organic chemistry a type of reaction in which two molecules are combined usually with the loss of a smaller molecule.

What is a condensation reaction?

400
The products of this biochemical pathway include the generation of 2 molecules of pyruvate and 2 molecules of ATP from a single glucose molecule.

What is glycolysis?

400

An organelle that is responsible for photosynthesis in plants.

What is a chloroplast?

500

The endomembrane system including the nucleus, golgi, ER etc. is primarily composed of this biomacromolecule.

What are lipids?

500

A chemical that is used to help maintain the pH of a system?

What is a buffer?

500

Protists are found in this domain.

What is eukaryotes?

500
The movement of solute from an area of high concentration to low concentration in a solution.

What is diffusion?

500

Cells have to use this process, requiring ATP to work against a concentration gradient.

What is active transport?