Digestion
In the digestion of lipids, name the substance responsible for physical breakdown, the substance responsible for chemical break down, and the location of lipid digestion.
bile, lipase, small intestine
If ADH is secreted, the volume of this substance is lowered.
urine
Name three other body systems that smooth muscle is in, and describe what parts of those body systems it makes up.
circulatory - artery walls, digestion stomach wall, excretory bladder wall
What happens to your arteries during systole?
they expand to allow for the surge of blood
If a diver's lungs are filled with water, and they resurface, what is the body's natural response?
coughing
What is it called when an enzyme is inhibited because it is not needed at the moment?
negative feedback
How would the secretion of hydrogen ions affect the blood pH?
blood pH would increase
What are the four main functions of skeletal muscle?
support/stabilization, creating heat, movement, protect organs
Where are T cells trained (ie, where do they mature)?
lymph node or thymus
Why are the lungs sometimes referred to as the "bronchial tree"?
because the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli look like an upsidedown tree
Where is trypsin secreted from, and what is its function?
pancreas and to break polypeptides into smaller peptides
Someone exerted urea, water, creatinine, glucose, bicarbonate ion, and potassium. What part of the nephron is unhealthy?
the PCT because that's where glucose should be 100 % reabsorbed
Describe the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction.
Calcium ions bind to troponin and cause actin and myosin to slide over one another, causing a contraction.
Which chamber of the heart is the strongest?
left ventricle
In comparison to a healthy person, how would asthma (narrowing of bronchi) affect breathing during exercise?
faster and shallower breaths
State the substrate, product, and optimum pH for the enzyme amylase
polysaccharides, disaccharides, and 78
State why water leaves the loop of Henle.
Due to the osmotic gradient created by salt reabsorption
During an episode of muscle fatigue, identify one process of the myofilaments that cannot be completed.
myosin head binding and unbinding to actin, power stroke
What is the function of the systemic pathway?
To bring blood to the body tissues
How a condition such as bronchitis (chronic coughing) affect a person's vital capacity?
decrease vital capacity
Explain one way how the structure of the villus is related to the role of the villus in absorption.
Each villus has many microvilli to maximize surface area. Each villus contains capillaries and lacteals for absorbing nutrients.
The hormone ADH ________ the permeability of the collecting duct, which allows for more ________ reabsorption.
Increases, Water
This type of nonstriated muscle controls involuntary movement.
smooth muscle
Which valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium from the left ventricle?
AV valve
What's the difference between internal and external respiration?
internal is between the blood and the tissues; external is between the blood and the alveoli