Chapter 3
What is the phenomenon of collective hydrogen bonds holding water together?
Water and minerals transported from the roots to into the leaf cells of a plant via a tissue called?
Xylem
What is the name of the study of compounds that contain carbon?
Unsaturated fats have this type of double bond that make them liquid at room temperature.
CIS double bonds
What functional group is found in a ketose sugar molecule that differentiates it from an aldose sugar?
Ketone group
What type of bonds present in water molecules results in hydrogen bonding?
Polar Covalent Bonds
This is defined as the unit of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 C
Calorie ; Specific Heat (close)
___________ are mirror image isomers of a molecule.
Enantiomers
Nucleic acid polymers are made up of __________ monomers.
Nucleotide
What type of bases are adenine and guanine?
Purines
Water is a versatile solvent due to its ___________?
Polarity
Water is polar because the electrons are spending more time around the oxygen making the hydrogen partially positive and the oxygen partially negative. If salt is the solute (Na+ Cl-), the Na+ will be attracted to the O- and the Cl- to the H+, pulling it apart into an aqueous solution.
What two ions form when water dissociates?
Hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH−)
How many valance electrons does carbon have and how many bonds can it form?
4 valence electrons and 4 bonds
What is the name of the reaction which a bond between two monomers is broken
Hydrolysis
A dehydration reaction occurs to link individual amino acids. Water is lost and what type of bond is formed?
Peptide bond
Consider coffee to which you have added sugar. Which of these is the solvent? Which is the solute?
Coffee is the solvent and sugar is the solute
Adding an acid to a solution will [increase or decrease] the hydrogen ion concentration and [increase or decrease] the pH.
Adding an acid to a solution will increase the hydrogen ion concentration and decrease the pH.
A _________ _________ is a chemical group that affects molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions.
Functional group
When two monomers are joined, a molecule of ________ is always removed
What type of linkage is formed between the glycerol molecules and fatty acids in a triglyceride?
Ester
At the north pole, the glaciers (ice) does not sink because the hydrogen bonds are ________ in water at lower temperatures, making the ice less dense than water.
At the north pole, the glaciers (ice) does not sink because the hydrogen bonds are farther apart/more ordered/spread out in water at lower temperatures, making the ice less dense than water.
Water can modulate temperature because it [absorbs or releases] heat from warmer air and [absorbs or releases] stored heat to cooler air.
Water can modulate temperature because it absorbs heat from warmer air and releases stored heat to cooler air.
________ _________ are compounds with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of their carbon skeletons.
Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of their carbon skeletons. Structural isomers
_________ involves the study of completely sequenced genomes of numerous species.
Genomics
What type of linkage is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules to form maltose?
1-4 Glycosidic linkage